纳斯达克
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纳斯达克（NASDAQ）台译那斯达克，美国全美证券交易协会自动报价系统(The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)首字母缩略词。从1971年创立到现在，已经成长为世界最大的股票市场之一。该市场允许市场期票出票人通过电话或互联网直接交易，而不拘束在交易大厅进行，而且交易的内容大多与新技术，尤其是计算机方面相关。它是世界第一家电子股票交易市场，也是当今世界上很出名的股票交易市场。
"Nasdaq" 这个词习惯于用"NASDAQ"，取用 National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation的首字母。近期，取首字母这种写法逐渐被淡化，而Nasdaq则被用作专有名词。
一般来说，纳斯达克以一些高科技公司的为主，这些大公司包括微软（Microsoft）、英特尔（Intel）、 戴尔（Dell）和思科（Cisco）等等。
取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B"
Category: 股市
NASDAQ
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NASDAQ MarketSite (Times Square, New York City) at night
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NASDAQ MarketSite (Times Square, New York City) at night
NASDAQ (originally an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is a U.S. electronic stock market. It was founded by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) who divested it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. NASDAQ: NDAQ which was listed on its own stock exchange in 2002. The current chief executive is Robert Greifeld.
Contents
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* 1 History
* 2 Business
* 3 Owners
* 4 Markets
* 5 Indices
o 5.1 NASDAQ-100 Index
o 5.2 NASDAQ Financial-100 Index
o 5.3 NASDAQ Composite Index
o 5.4 NASDAQ National Market Composite Index
o 5.5 NASDAQ Bank Index
o 5.6 NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
o 5.7 NASDAQ Computer Index
o 5.8 NASDAQ Industrial Index
o 5.9 NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index
o 5.10 NASDAQ Insurance Index
o 5.11 NASDAQ Other Finance Index
o 5.12 NASDAQ Telecommunications Index
o 5.13 NASDAQ Transportation Index
o 5.14 NASDAQ Index Calculation Description
o 5.15 America"s Community Bankers NASDAQ Index
* 6 Companies
o 6.1 Company websites
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History
When it began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world"s first electronic stock market. On July 17, 1995 the NASDAQ stock index closed above the 1,000 mark for the first time. The index peaked at 5132.52 on March 10, 2000, which signaled the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom. NASDAQ is now the largest U.S. electronic stock market.
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Business
NASDAQ allows multiple market participants to trade through its electronic communications networks (ECNs) structure, increasing competition. The Small Order Execution System (SOES) is another NASDAQ feature, introduced in 1984, to ensure that in "turbulent" market conditions small market orders are not forgotten but are automatically processed. With approximately 3,200 companies, it lists more companies and, on average, trades more shares per day than any other stock exchange in the world. It is home to companies that are leaders across all areas of business including technology, retail, communications, financial services, transportation, media and biotechnology. NASDAQ is the primary market for trading NASDAQ-listed stocks.
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Owners
Yahoo! data
* NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SEC. DEALERS INC.: 30%
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Markets
* NASDAQ National Market
* NASDAQ SmallCap Market
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Indices
Indices of The Nasdaq Stock Market
The following common type securities are eligible for index inclusions. There is no distinction between either the NASDAQ National Market vs. the NASDAQ SmallCap Market, or domestic US vs. Non-US securities.
Security Class
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
Common
Limited Partnership Interests
Ordinary Shares
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
Shares of Beneficial Interest (SBIs)
Tracking Stocks
The following issue types are not eligible for inclusion in the indices: closed-end funds, convertible debentures, exchange traded funds, preferred stocks, rights, warrants, units and other derivative securities.
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NASDAQ-100 Index
The NASDAQ-100 Index includes 100 of the largest domestic and international non-financial companies listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization. The Index reflects companies across major industry groups including computer hardware and software, telecommunications, retail/wholesale trade and biotechnology. It does not contain financial companies including investment companies. The NASDAQ-100 Index is calculated under a modified capitalization-weighted methodology.
On January 31, 1985, the NASDAQ-100 Index began with a base of 250.00. On January 1, 1994, the NASDAQ-100 base was reset by division of a factor of 2.00 to 125.00.
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NASDAQ Financial-100 Index
The NASDAQ Financial-100 Index includes 100 of the largest domestic and international financial companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market based on market capitalization. They include companies classified by the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Financials, which are included within the NASDAQ Bank, Insurance and Other Finance Indexes.
On January 31, 1985, the NASDAQ Financial-100 Index began with a base of 250.00.
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NASDAQ Composite Index
The NASDAQ Composite Index measures all NASDAQ domestic and international based common type stocks listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market.
Today the NASDAQ Composite includes over 3,000 companies, more than most other stock market indices. Because it is so broad-based, the Composite is one of the most widely followed and quoted major market indices.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Composite Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ National Market Composite Index
The NASDAQ National Market Composite Index is a sub-set of the NASDAQ Composite Index, and consists of all companies included in the NASDAQ Composite Index which are listed on the NASDAQ National Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market.
On July 10, 1984 the NASDAQ National Market Composite Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ Bank Index
The NASDAQ Bank Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Banks. They include banks providing a broad range of financial services, with significant retail banking and money transmission.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Bank Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index contains companies that are classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as either biotechnology or pharmaceutical which also meet other eligibility criteria. The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index is calculated under a modified capitalization-weighted methodology.
On November 1, 1993, the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index began with a base of 200.00.
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NASDAQ Computer Index
The NASDAQ Computer Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Computer Hardware, Semiconductors, and Software & Computer Services. They include firms that manufacture and distribute computers and associated electronic data processing equipment and accessories, semiconductor capital equipment, manufacturers and distributors of wafers and chips, providers of computer services and IT consultants, Internet access providers, internet software and on-line service providers, and producers and distributors of computer software.
On November 1, 1993, the NASDAQ Computer Index began with a base of 200.00.
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NASDAQ Industrial Index
The NASDAQ Industrial Index contains NASDAQ listed companies not classified in one of the NASDAQ sector Indexes. These include firms that are involved in mining, oil and gas, chemicals, construction and building materials, forestry and paper, steel and other metals, aerospace and defense, diversified industrials, electronic and electrical equipment, engineering and machinery, automobiles and parts, household goods and textiles, beverages, food producers and processors, health, personal care and household products, tobacco, general retailers, leisure and hotels, media agencies, photography, publishing and printing, support services, food and drug retailers, electricity, utilities, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms not included in the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Industrial Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index
The NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index is a sub-set of the NASDAQ Industrial Index, and consists of all companies included in the NASDAQ Industrial Index which are listed on the NASDAQ National Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market.
On July 10, 1984 the NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ Insurance Index
The NASDAQ Insurance Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Insurance or Life Assurance. They include insurance brokers, non-life insurance, re-insurance, other insurance, and life assurance.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Insurance Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ Other Finance Index
The NASDAQ Other Finance Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Investment Companies, Real Estate, Specialty and Other Finance, or Investment Entities. They include real estate holding and development, property agencies, asset managers, consumer finance, investment banks, mortgage finance, other finance including financial holding companies, security and commodity exchanges, and other financial companies.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Other Finance Index began with a base of 1000.00.
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NASDAQ Telecommunications Index
The NASDAQ Telecommunications Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Television, Radio & Filmed Entertainment, Subscription Entertainment Networks, and Telecommunications Services and Equipment. They include independent radio and television contractors, film production, providers of television, media services and programming facilities including those driven by subscription, operators of wireless and fixed-line telecommunication services, and manufacturers and distributors of digital equipment used in telecommunication.
On November 1, 1993, the NASDAQ Utility Index was renamed the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index. The former NASDAQ Utility Index was reset to a base of 200.00, using a factor of 5.74805.
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NASDAQ Transportation Index
The NASDAQ Transportation Index contains NASDAQ listed companies classified according to the FTSE™ Global Classification System as Transport. They include firms that provide air, rail, road, freight, and water transport and their related facilities and services.
On February 5, 1971, the NASDAQ Transportation Index began with a base of 100.00.
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NASDAQ Index Calculation Description
All NASDAQ Indices are market value weighted except the NASDAQ-100 Index which is weighted using a modified market capitalization method. The representation of each security in the Index is proportional to its last sale price times the total number of shares outstanding, relative to the total market value of the respective index.
The formula used for determining the Index values is as follows:
Index Level = Current Market Value
Adjusted Base Period Market Value X Base Value
Adjusted Base Period Market Value = Current Market Value After Adjustments
Current Market Value Before Adjustments X Previous Base Period Market Value
The level of an Index will only change as a result of price changes occurring between the opening and closing of the market. Adjustments for securities being added to or deleted from The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., or capitalization changes, are adjustments which take place during the system maintenance process which occurs after the market has closed. These adjustments will result in value changes to the current market value and adjusted base period market value, but will not in and of themselves alter the level of an Index.
Stock splits and stock dividends are likewise adjusted for during the system maintenance process. However, the system makes a price adjustment to account for the increased number of shares with the result being that the current market value does not change. As an example, assume that ABC Corp. has 1,000,000 shares outstanding with a last sale price of 20 (market value - $20,000,000) The company has declared a 2 for 1 stock split. During system maintenance on the day prior to the effective date of the split, the system will adjust the shares outstanding to 2,000,000 and will correspondingly adjust the price to 10. Result, the same current market value of $20,000,000.
In the case of cash dividends, no system adjustment is made. Neither the Current Market Value nor the Adjusted Base Period Market Value is adjusted to reflect cash dividends. The index formula relies on market forces to determine th
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