预备费

一种确定建设项目风险预备费的新方法&风险分析估算法（ERA）

A New Method to Determining Construction Contingency Reserve & Estimate by Risk Analysis ( ERA )

第五，动用总预备费须经中央批准。

Fifth , the general reserve funds cannot be used without the approval of the central authorities .

预备费按第一第二部分费用之和的5%计列。

Contingency cost is calculated as5 % of the sum of the first part and second part of expenses .

有了这一条的好处，是让大家知道要动用总预备费不容易。

The benefit of this principle lies in that it lets people know it is difficult to obtain access to the general reserve funds .

过去国家总预备费有相当一部分是买烧饼油条用掉了，如一九五三年就是如此。

In the past , a considerable portion of the state 's general reserve funds has been spent on trivial things , as was the case in 1953 .

国际工程总承包投标报价中的费用包括采购费用、施工费、设计费和采购服务费、管理费用、其他费用、预备费、利润等。

The expenses in bidding quote for turn-key contract of international engineering includes purchasing cost , construction cost , designing cost , purchasing service cost , overhead expense , other expenses , preparatory fund , profit , and so on .

三峡工程总投资包括枢纽建筑物总费用、建设征地和移民安置费用、独立费用、基本预备费、价差预备费和建设期贷款利息等六大部分。

The total investment in the construction of the project includes gross expenditures for the main works , expenditures for resettlement and land acquisition for construction , independent fees , basic reserve funds , reserve funds for price differences , and interest for loans during construction .