电子载流子

当电子载流子的浓度低的时候ZnO：Cu的薄膜在室温下表现出铁磁性。

When the electronic carriers have low concentration , ZnO : Cu film displays room-temperature ferromagnetism .

大家都知道：在真实的光电子设备中，电子载流子是从别的材料注入到有机物链上的。

In real optoelectronic devices as is known , charge carriers are usually introduced to the polymer chain by injection from other materials .

UTCPD是一种由p型中性光吸收层和n型宽带隙集结层构成，并且只用电子作为有源载流子的光电二极管。

The active area of UTC-PD is consisted of a p-type photo-absorption layer and n-type wide-gap electron collector layer , within it only electrons are as the active carriers .

ITO薄膜的性能主要依赖于其氧化态以及掺杂的浓度，载流子浓度可以通过掺杂进行调节，掺杂施主原子的取代可以提供自由电子而提高载流子浓度。

The characteristics of ITO films strongly depend on its oxidation state and the content of impurities . Carrier concentration can be modified by the dopant activation state , which is due to a donor atom to substitute the lattice site and produce some free electrons to increase carrier concentration .

非计量掺杂碘时，空穴浓度大于电子浓度，载流子浓度和迁移率同时影响导电率。

In the calculated doped state , the concentration of the holes is larger than that of the electrons , the conductive ratio is influenced by both the carrier concentration and transferring .

“电子或其它载流子的受控传导的，关于这种传导的，建立于此种传导之上的，以这种传导操作的或涉及这种传导的，尤指在空间，气体或半导体材料中的。”

" Of , relating to , based on , operated by , or otherwise involving the controlled conduction of electrons or other charge carriers , especially in a vacuum , gas , or semiconducting material . "

输运的描述只包含几个参量（非均匀情况下是参量场）&平均漂移速度，电子温度，载流子浓度及声子占据数。

There are only a few parameters ( or parameter fields in the case of nonuniform transport ): the average drift velocity , the carrier temperature and density , as well as the phonon occupation numbers , which enter the description of transport .

无机填料的作用机理可能主要有两个方面：一是提供了深电子陷阱，使载流子迁移率和密度降低；

The mechanism of inorganic filler may be in two ways : one is supplying deep electron traps that can effectively reduce carrier mobility and carrier density in LDPE .

指出能量转换特性的最重要的弛豫过程是电子-声子相互作用，决定了由电子载流子系统到晶格的能量转换。

It is presented that one of the most important energy relaxation processes is the electron-phonon interaction , which determines the energy transfer from electronic carrier system to the lattice .

电子高速公路缩短了电子传输路径，降低了电子传输过程中载流子的复合几率，导致了膜内电子传输阻抗的减小和电子传输效率的提高。因而使电池填充因子和总能量转化效率获得了显著提高。

The electron expressway shortens electron transport route and decreases electron-hole recombination rate , which result in the decrease of electron transport resistance and the improvement of electron transport efficiency , and accordingly the improvement of FF and total efficiency . 4 .

1,3,4-（口恶）二唑是个典型的电子传输基团，（口恶）二唑环与咔唑环的共聚实现了有机电致发光材料空穴传输与电子传输载流子在传输上的平衡。

While 1,3,4-oxadiazole is a typical electron-transporting group , and its copolymerization with carbazole makes it possible to get an excellent equilibrium between holes and electron carriers .