指细胞

基因表达（geneexpression）是指细胞在生命过程中，把储存在DNA中的遗传信息转变成具有生物活性的蛋白质分子。

Gene expression means in the process of life , cell transform the genetic information which in DNA to be active protein .

凋亡（apoptosis）是指细胞在一定的生理或病理条件下，遵循自身的程序，由基因调控的主动死亡过程。

The apoptosis is referred to an active death procedure mediated by genes on some kinds of physical and pathological state .

多药耐药（MultidrugResistance，MDR）是指细胞对一种化疗药物出现耐药的同时，对其他结构不同、作用靶位不同的化疗药物亦产生抗药性。

Multidrug resistance ( MDR ) is characterized by cross-resistance to a variety of drugs with different structure and function .

HSC衰老是指细胞生长停滞，不可逆的停留在G1期，自我更新和多向分化能力降低，细胞数量减少，应激性凋亡升高。

HSC senescence is cell growth arrest , irreversible remain in G1 phase , self-renewal and differentiation capacity reduced , the number of cells decreased and apoptosis increased .

胞饮作用胞饮指细胞呑入液体或微粒。

Pinocytosis : Fluid or particles are engulfed by a cell .

蛋白质组是指细胞、组织或基因组所表达的全部蛋白质。

Proteome means the total proteins expressed in a cell , tissue or organism .

细胞极性是指细胞在形态、蛋白质分布和细胞功能上的不对称。

Cell polarity is defined as asymmetry in cell shape , protein distributions and cell functions .

细胞周期是指细胞从上一次细胞分裂结束到本次分裂终了的过程或间隔时间。

Cell cycle is defined as the interval from the last cell division till this division .

（遗传学；指细胞或者器官）具有唯一的一组染色体。

( genetics ; of a cell or organism ) having a single set of chromosomes .

水孔蛋白是指细胞膜上能选择性地高效转运水分子的水通道蛋白，它大量存在于动物、植物及微生物等多种生物中。

Aquaporins refers to the water channel protein which lies on cell membrane and can selectively transfer water molecule effectively .

诱导酶（适应酶）：是指细胞内当高浓度酶底物或底物类似物存在时才能产生的酶。

Inducible enzyme ( adaptive enzyme ) An enzyme that is produced by a cell only in the presence of high concentrations of its substrate or a structurally similar substance .

细胞凋亡是多细胞有机体调节发育的一个重要特征，是指细胞在内、外因子的严格控制下，一种有步骤、有活性的生理性自行消亡的过程。

Apoptosis is a form of death which occurred physiologically and gradually in multicellular organisms under control of Intrinsic and extrinsic factor , is a main character of growth and development of multicellular organic body .

细胞变形性是指细胞在外力作用下，改变其形状的能力。细胞变形性受多种因素影响，是一项重要的细胞生物学指标。

Cell deformability refers to the ability of the cell to undergo a change in shape in response to a deforming force . It is a function of many factors and is treated as an important cell biology index .

探讨胸腺内插指状细胞（IDC）在重症肌无力（MG）发病中的作用。

Objective The authors made a study of the role of interdigitating cells ( IDC ) in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis ( MG ) study .

多药耐药（MultidrugResistance，MDR）是指肿瘤细胞接触一种抗癌药物后产生的对多种结构和功能迥异的抗癌药物的耐受性。

Multidrug resistance ( MDR ) means malignant cells are cross resistance to many other structurally and functionally unrelated anticancer drugs once they are resistant to a single anticancer drug .

多药耐药性（MultidrugResistance，MDR）是指肿瘤细胞对一种药物产生耐药性，同时对结构与作用机理不同的药物也产生交叉耐药性。

Multidrug resistance ( MDR ) is defined as the ability of tumor cells exposed to single drug to develop resistance to a broad range of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs .

异卵双生是指精子细胞分别受精两个不同的卵细胞发育成两个不同的胚胎

That 's when two sperm cells fertilize two seperate eggs .

生物膜是指由细胞外多聚基质以及被粘结的菌团组成。

Biofilms are composed of an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances .

插指状细胞在重症肌无力患者非瘤性胸腺内的变化

Interdigitating cells in nonneoplastic thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis

原发性十二指肠癌细胞表面糖蛋白的变化与肿瘤生物学行为的关系

The relationship between changes of cell surface glycoproteins of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma and its biological behaviors

孤雌生殖是指卵细胞不经过受精而形成胚并发育为个体的生殖方式。

Parthenogenesis is a kind of reproductive mode by which the egg develops into embryo without fertilization and develops into plant finally .

果实的生长主要是指果实细胞的分裂和细胞体积的增大，这种过程由多种内源激素所调节。

The growth of fruit means the increasing of cell number and volume , which is regulated by kinds of endogenous hormone .

胞外酶是土壤酶的一种重要类型，指在细胞内合成后穿过细胞质膜以游离态存在于环境中的酶。

Exoenzyme is an important type of soil enzymes , which passes through plasma membrane after synthesized in the cell and functions in free state in the environment .

原生质体：指去掉细胞壁以后的细胞原生质以及质膜。可用物理方法或酶消化得到。

Protoplast The protoplasm and plasma membrane of a cell after removal of the cell wall , where present . This can be achieved by physical means or by enzymic digestion .

研究背景：作为获得天然细胞外基质的一种新方法，脱细胞技术是指去除细胞抗原，而保留了组成细胞外基质的结构和功能蛋白。

Background : As a new method to get native ECM , decellularization technique has been adopted to remove cellular antigens and preserve most of structural and functional proteins that constitute ECM .

目的：众所周知，干细胞是指未成熟细胞，具有自我更新和分化能力，可分化为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞、其他细胞、组织和器官。

Objective : It was well known that the stem cells was definited with prematuration and the patent of refreshment itself and differentiation to embryo and adult stem cells , other tissues and organs ' cells .

肝纤维化是指肝细胞发生坏死及炎症刺激时，肝脏中胶原蛋白等细胞外基质增生与降解失去平衡，导致肝脏内纤维结缔组织异常沉积的病理过程。

Liver fibrosis is the occurrence of liver cell necrosis and inflammatory stimulation , such as liver collagen proliferation and extracellular matrix degradation out of balance , cause abnormal liver deposition of fibrous connective tissue of the pathological process .

植物胚胎发生是指单细胞的受精卵经过一系列受控的细胞分裂和分化，发育为成熟的多细胞种胚的过程，也是一个基因有序的选择性表达调控的过程。

Plant embryogenesis represents the critical transition from the single-celled fertilized egg to the mature and multicellular embryo by undergoing a series of controlled cell divisions and cell differentiation events . It is a process of gene expression and regulation with order and alternation .

目的：癌性疼痛主要是指肿瘤细胞浸润、转移、扩散或压迫有关组织引起的疼痛，是中晚期恶性肿瘤病人的常见症状之一，是影响患者生存质量的重要因素。

Purpose : Cancer pain refers mainly to tumor cells infiltrating , transfer and diffusion or relevant organization of pain caused by oppression , it is also the common malignant tumor patient period , which is one of the important factors of quality of survival .

体细胞胚发生是指体细胞在特定条件下未经性细胞融合而发育成胚状体的形态发生过程。

Three patterns could be recognized in sexual cell fusion , which was supported by fluorescent microscopy with the aid of video enhanced system and cooled CCD . Somatic embryogenesis means the course of morphogenesis which somatic develops into embryoid without sexual cell fusion under given conditions .