穿动脉

误穿动脉Ⅰ组1例（占2%），Ⅱ组6例（占12%），两组比较也有显著性差异（P＜0.05）；

Carotid artery mis puncture happened to only one patient in Group ⅰ while there were six in Group ⅱ and there were also significant differences ( P < 0.05 );

跟腱内侧区血供来自胫后动脉，此动脉分出3-4个穿动脉，直径约（1.0±0.2）mm，到达跟腱前内侧腱旁组织。

On the lateral side of the Achilles tendon , the blood was supplied by posterior tibial artery . The diameter of perforating branch was about ( 1.0 ± 0.2 ) mm .

大型垂体腺瘤、颅咽管瘤可以接受wus环后部大脑后动脉穿支和基底动脉上段穿动脉供血。

Large pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma can receive blood supply from the posterior cycle of Willis .

结果所有动脉瘤均位于A1穿动脉的起始部，起源于内侧远端纹状体动脉的3例，内侧近端纹状体动脉的5例。

Results All of the aneurysms developed at the takeoff point of perforating arteries , the recurrent artery of Heubner in three cases , the medial proximal lenticulostriate artery in five cases .

基底动脉在基底池分出左、右大脑后动脉P1段，P1段向后方发出丘脑穿动脉及大脑脚支，穿入脑实质，没有分支向前发出。

In interpeduncular cistern , basal artery divided into left and right post cerebral artery P1 branch , separated from dorsal part of P1 and penetrated into brain parenchyma , however no branch separated from ventral part .

84例脑梗塞患者，根据头颅CT检查，分为皮层动脉梗塞组（CAI）和深穿动脉梗塞组（PAI），两组分别随机分为针药组和中药组。

Based upon CT examination of the head , 84 cases of cerebral infarction were divided into the group of cortex arterial infarction ( CAI ) and the group of penetrating arterial infarction ( PAI ) and further divided randomly into the acupuncture and herb group and Chinese herbal group .

回返动脉为ACA-A1段发出的穿动脉中最粗大的血管，起源部位、行程及数量变异大。

Recurrent artery of Heubner was the thickest among the perforating arteries of ACA-A1 segment . It original location ? course and amount varied much .

结果肱动脉末段和前臂的桡、尺动脉分别发出多达4～15支细小穿动脉，其外径在0.2～0.9mm之间。

Results It was found that 4 ~ 15 or more fine perforators derived from each the terminal end of the brachial artery and radial or ulnar arteries in anterior antebrachial region , and their diameters were between 0.2 ~ 0.9 mm .

结果：股深动脉在小转子尖下4.5±1.3cm、9.3±2.7cm处分别发出第1、2穿动脉，外径分别为2.8±0.7mm、2.4±0.6mm。

Results : The deep femoral artery gave off the first and the second perforating artery at the position 4.5 ± 1.3 cm and 9.3 ± 2.7 cm below the top of lesser trochanter with the external diameter of 2.8 ± 0.7 mm and 2.4 ± 0.6 mm respectively .

第一穿动脉升支大转子骨瓣移植术

Transfer of greater trochanter pedicled with ascending branch of the

第一穿动脉血管蒂骨瓣在股骨上段骨缺损修复中的临床应用

Flap of First Perforating Artery Repair of Upper Femur Incomplete With Vessel Pedicled Bone

第一穿动脉降支为蒂骨膜瓣的应用解剖

Anatomic study on a periosteal flap with the descending branch of the first perforating artery

尾状核内有三种动脉类型：①穿动脉；

The caudate nucleus arteries may be classified into three categories : ① perforative artery ;

前交通动脉及其下丘脑穿动脉的显微解剖研究视网膜鼻侧下小动脉

Study of microanatomy on anterior communicating artery and its perforating branches inferior nasal arteriole of retina

以第一穿动脉升支为蒂的大转子骨瓣的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of the greater trochanter bone flap pedicled with the ascending branch of the first perforating artery

第1穿动脉升支大转子骨瓣在股骨颈（距）重建中的应用

The application of greater trochanter bone flap pedicled with the first perforating artery in the reconstruction of femoral neck

结论：患者供应皮质下结构的长穿动脉或分支动脉结构紊乱，血管壁增厚。

Conclusions : In CADASIL long penetrating arterioles or branches supplying subcortical structures are obliterated and their walls are thickened .

进行胸内侧皮瓣吻合血管移植时，宜首选第Ⅱ穿动脉作为血管蒂。

So that it would be the first choice as a pedicle artery in the transplantation of the medial thoracic free flap .

展神经的滋养动脉主要来自脑桥前外侧穿动脉、小脑下前动脉和脑桥下外侧动脉。

Nutrient arteries of the abducent nerve root mainly came from anterolateral pontine perforating artery , anterior inferior cerebellar artery and inferior lateral pontine artery .

结论：第一穿动脉为蒂的骨瓣，用于股骨颈、股骨距和股骨上段骨缺损的修复，疗效可靠。

Conclusion : The first perforation artery vessel bone flap can be used in repairing neck of femur , femorale calcar and upper femur incomplete .

方法：手术显微镜下观察50例成人脑标本小脑动脉的起始、行径、主要分支、穿动脉及大致分布，检查各小脑动脉与出入脑干的颅神经的接触关系。

Methods : Under operative microscope the origins , courses , branches , and distributios of the cerebellar arteries were examined in 50 postmortal adult brains .

目的：为应用第一穿动脉血管蒂骨瓣转位修复股骨上段骨缺损提供解剖学依据及手术方法。

Objective : T supply anatomical basis and operative method for the repair of upper femur incomplete with vessel pedicled bone flap of first perforating artery .

三维交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨中下段骨折第一穿动脉血管蒂骨瓣在股骨上段骨缺损修复中的临床应用

Therapy of the middle and lower segment fractures by using three-dimensional interlocking intramedullary nailing Flap of First Perforating Artery Repair of Upper Femur Incomplete With Vessel Pedicled Bone

结果：股后皮神经营养血管主要来源臀下动脉、穿动脉和动脉后侧穿支的升皮支，并在股后区形成网状吻合营养股后侧皮肤。

Results : The nutrient vessels of PFCN were the branches from the inferior gluteal artery , musculocutaneous branch of perforating artery , and the ascending cutaneous branch of the popliteal artery .

筋膜和骨膜的动脉来源为多源性，来自旋股内侧动脉深支、臀下动脉大转子支、第1穿动脉升支、旋股外侧动脉升支和横支。

Its blood supply originated from the profound branch of medial circumflex femoral artery , the greater trochanter branch of inferior gluteal artery , the ascending branch of the lst perforating artery .

结论与中枢性尿崩症相关的穿动脉可分为3组：（1）前组：主要来自前交通动脉附近发出的穿动脉；

Conclusion The perforating artery associated with the central diabetes insipidus can be divided into these parts : ( 1 ) anterior part : the perforating artery arise from around the anterior communicating artery ;

如果切除一段第2肋软骨，以胸廓内动脉连同第Ⅰ、Ⅱ穿动脉为血管蒂，可以扩大皮瓣的采取范围。

All these advantages are in favor for taking the second perforating artery as the pedicle artery of the free flap or even to take the internal thoracic artery of the same segment together with it .

胸廓内动脉在上4个肋间隙发出的穿动脉中，以第Ⅱ穿动脉的出现率最高，平均管径最粗，分布面积也最大。

Among the perforating arteries of the internal thoracic artery in the upper four intercostal spaces , the second perforating artery presents a higher incidence of occurence , it also possesses a larger caliber and distributing area .

股后皮神经的血供为多源性，臀下动脉、月国动脉及股深动脉第四穿动脉组成轴型血管，股深动脉穿支作为节段性动脉。

The blood supply of the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh was very profuse . Inferior gluteal artery , popliteal artery and the fourth penetrating artery of the deep femoral artery composed of the axis type vessel .

结果置管术中的常见并发症有：误穿动脉8例（3.6%），皮下血肿10例（4.5%），穿刺部位渗血3例（1.3%）。

Results The common acute complications of catheterizations included inadvertent arterial puncture in 8 cases ( 3.6 % ), local hematoma in 10 cases ( 4.5 % ) and local bleeding in 3 cases ( 1.3 % ) .