钉螺

基于GIS的钉螺螺情信息系统的设计与研究

Design and Research on Snail Information System Based on GIS

空间数据挖掘与GIS技术在钉螺螺情信息中的分析与研究

The Analysis and Research on the Snail Information Based on Spatial Data Mining and GIS Technology

湖北省庙河地区钉螺细胞色素C氧化酶1基因差异的研究

Preliminary Study on Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 Gene of Oncomelania hupensis from Miao River Area in Hubei Province

微卫星锚定PCR研究湖北钉螺的遗传变异

Studies on the genetic variation of Oncomelania hupensis with SSR-PCR

于同年4月和11月分别用GPS法对有螺滩地进行定位随机抽样调查钉螺。

Snail survey was conducted in April and November respectively in the area located by GPS .

目的建立灵敏、特异的检测日本血吸虫感染性钉螺的PCR方法。

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific PCR assay for detecting Schistosoma japonicum-infected Oncomelania hupensis .

结果：噪声为110分贝（db）时，钉螺100%脱落。

RESULTS : Noise reached 110 decibles the snails fell completely ( 100 % ) .

目的探索随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对大陆光亮钉螺遗传多态性研究的可行性，以获得不同地区光壳钉螺基因组DNA水平上的差异信息。

Objective Using RAPD technique to study genetic diversity of smooth-shelled Oncomelania hu - pensis in China and to gain more information on genome DNA level .

干渠内钉螺分布在齐涵闸高2～3m水位的沿岸地带。

The snails distributed along 2 ~ 3 meters water level of the marshland .

Dot-ELISA早期鉴别阳性钉螺的实验研究

Experimental studies on the early-stage identification of positive infested snails by Dot-ELISA

将空心莲子草水浸液（1g/100ml）及去氯水分别浸泡钉螺24h后，用透射电镜观察两组钉螺神经节及足肌超微结构的变化。

Ultrastructure of the ganglion and foot muscle from the immersed snails were observed by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) .

27个钉螺种群间形态性状变异与其地理距离存在明显的正相关（P<0.01），相关系数（r）为0.2791；

There was a significant correlation between morphologic variation and geographic distance among 27 snail populations ( P < 0.01 ) and the correlation coefficient was 0.2791 . The significant correlations also were found among O. h.

以多只毛蚴感染多只钉螺后，逐周取样30只，以抗血吸虫卵的MG2McAb，应用ELISA检测螺体内血吸虫抗原，并同时以镜检为对照。

After snails were infected individually by exposure to many miracidia , 30 of them were detected with MG 2 McAb ELISA every week for schistosome antigen and with microscopical examination for comparison .

结果形态多样性指数和钉螺种群内个体间的欧氏距离均与经度明显相关，相关系数分别为0.719（P<0.01）和0.662（P<0.01），而与纬度均无明显相关性（P均>0.05）；

Results Longitude correlated significantly with Shannon-Winer index and Euclidean distances within populations , and the correlation coefficients were 0.719 ( P < 0.01 ) and 0.662 ( P < 0.01 ) respectively . However , latitude did not correlate significantly with them .

用等离子体原子发射法测定了钉螺软体组织与其孳生地土壤中重金属元素Cr、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd和Pb的含量，对其污染状况进行了分析。

The heavy metal elements of Cr , Cu , Zn , Mn , Cd and Pb in the tender tissues of O. hupensis and soil were determined and analyzed by plasma-atomic emission spectrometry .

12只镜检显示为其它吸虫感染的钉螺，夹心dot-ELISA阴性。

The results of Oncomelania snails which infected with other trematodes were nega - tive in dot - ELISA .

结论联合法更适合湖北钉螺肝脏细胞原代培养，SDH和LDH活性位于肝脏细胞质中。

Conclusion The combination culture method is suitable for primary culture of the cells from O.hupensis liver and the cells show activities of both SDH and LDH in cytoplasm .

方法根据全球卫星定位系统（GPS）测绘图及钉螺调查结果，在西昌市邛海周边4个乡，选择196个点进行疫水测定。

Methods Mice bioassay was carried out in 196 sites selected from 20 demonstration villager groups with different human infections of the area based on GPS ( global positioning systems ) digitized map and the snail survey results .

目的：探讨夹心dot-ELISA检测钉螺血吸虫抗原的可行性及可靠性。

AIM : To observe the feasibility and reliability of sandwich dot - ELISA in detecting schistosome antigen in Oncomelania snails .

NDVI、GVI均显示第2、3类区域暂不适宜钉螺孳生。

Both NDVI and GVI showed type 2 and type 3 were temporarily not suitable for snail breeding .

结果A、B两组钉螺在撒粉后3～15d的死亡率分别为30.0%～86.7%和36.7%～100.0%。

W Results The death rate of snails in A and B sets were 30.0 % ~ 86.7 % and 36.7 % ~ 100.0 % respectively after spraying powder in 3 ~ 15 d.

此外、城区江滩钉螺主要来源于城区上游20km范围内的有螺洲、岛。

The mainly source of snails in Wuhan City was from the beaches and islands upper from the City 20 km .

并将氯硝柳胺与EcM2、氯硝柳胺可湿性粉剂与EcM2按不同比例混合，在25±1℃恒温条件下浸泡钉螺48h和72h，观察钉螺死亡情况。

The snails were immersed at the condition of constant temperature 25 ? 1 ℃ for 48 hours and 72 hours and then to observe the death of snails .

分别用35、70、140mg／m2黏菌素E进行喷洒灭螺，钉螺死亡率分别为60.00%、100.00%和100.00%。

The snail mortality by the spraying method in a dose of 35 , 70 , 140 mg / m2 of colistin E was 60 % , 100 % and 100 % .

方法用还原型尼可酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸硫辛酰胺脱氢酶（NADPH-d）酶组织化学技术，对钉螺软体的整体连续切片作系统观察。

Methods By way of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase ( NADPH d ) histochemical technique the continued sections of Oncomelania hupensis snails were investigated systematically .

结果显示NDVI模型标记出的第5、6类区域为钉螺的主要孳生地，第4类区域为钉螺潜在扩散区域，其NDVI值为0～01。

Classification of NDVI showed that type 5 anf type 6 were main breeding ground for snails , and type 4 with values of NDVI from 0 to 0.1 was potential areas for snail propagation .

24h抑制钉螺上爬半数有效浓度（EC50）为5.86mg/L。现场喷洒试验：密达利2g/m2喷洒后7d钉螺死亡率大于90%，灭螺效果和氯硝柳胺1g/m2相当（P>0.05）。

When sprayed with active ingredient 2 g / m2 of META-Li in the field , the snail death rate was above 90 % after 7 days , similar to that of niclosamide .

方法室内浸泡试验，试验分为4组，每组30只钉螺。分别于3、6、24h观察钉螺开厣率和上爬附壁率和死亡率。

Methods In indoor immersing experimentation , the experiments were divided into 4 groups , 30 snails in each group , to observe the rate of opening operculum , the rate of climbing adhersion and the rate of death at 3 , 6 and 24 hours respectively .

结果25个钉螺种群间的遗传距离D和Nei无偏遗传距离，都与其地理距离存在明显的正相关性（P<0.001），相关系数分别为0.5234和0.5622；

Results There was a significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance for twenty five snail populations ( P < 0.001 ), the correlation coefficient being 0.523 4 for genetic distance D and 0.562 2 for Nei ′ s unbias genetic distance .

结果酶组织化学染色法显示钉螺的肝脏初为淡浅灰色，5min时呈现浅灰色，15min时呈现灰色，30min时呈现黑色。

Results The first method indicated that the color of the liver surface turned from French grey to light grey in 5 minutes , to grey in 15 minutes and black in 30 minutes .