华沙公约

桑格说，美国法院对于《蒙特利尔公约》的前身《华沙公约》（WarsawConvention）中“最终目的地”一词的含意存在分歧。

Mr. Sanger said U.S. courts have split on the meaning of ' final destination ' in the Warsaw Convention , the predecessor of the Montreal Convention .

经修订的《华沙公约》为联邦快递的赔偿责任规定了上限。

The Warsaw convention , as amended , limits fedex 's liability .

华沙公约的成立是用来对抗资本阵营所成立的北大西洋公约组织的。

The Warsaw Pact was formed to counterbalance the NATO formed by the capitalist bloc .

第二部分结合《华沙公约》理清了国际航空与国内航空的区别，同时指出了几种不适用《华沙公约》的例外情况。

In the second part we clarify the difference between domestic air transportation and international air transportation .

《华沙公约》走出了第一步，让承运人承担责任，并对其进行规管。

Warsaw Convention took the first step to put the burden on the carrier and regulate its liability .

《华沙公约》对货物损坏、延误或未能交货的具体书面索赔程序作出了规定。

The Warsaw Convention provides specific written claims procedures for damage , delay or non-delivery of your shipment .

此后的80多年，在《华沙公约》基础上演化出了华沙体系。

80 years after that , the Warsaw System has been developed on the basis of Warsaw Convention .

该公约在最大程度上继承了华沙公约及其一系列补充修订文件的基础上，对华沙公约所规定的主要制度作了较大幅度的调整。

The Convention of Warsaw is a main regulation of civil law in the field of international air transport .

华沙公约生效后，就开始了对其责任限额不断修订的过程，这个过程可以说是漫长而艰难。

After the Warsaw Convention was executed , the liability limit has started its long and hard continuously amendment .

而且，《华沙公约》关于索赔规定的解释和效力在各个国家是不一样的。

Moreover , the interpretation and operation of the Warsaw convention 's claims provisions may vary in each country .

1929年《华沙公约》的订立标志着国际民用航空运输业全球统一规制的开始。

Warsaw Convention was concluded in 1929 , which marked the beginning of unified regulation of world civil aviation industry .

致力于统一国际航空运输规则的华沙公约体系，从诞生之日起经历了种种矛盾与分歧的挑战。

Warsaw Convention System , aiming to unify international aviation transportation rules , has undergone many challenges since its inception .

《华沙公约》及其华沙体制的一个显著特点，是建立了统一的损害赔偿限额。

The establishment of a uniform liability limits is one of the most important characteristics of Warsaw Convention and Warsaw System .

匈牙利革命对俄罗斯的统治已被辗碎的入侵俄罗斯和其他华沙公约组织力量对11月14日。

The Hungarian Revolution against Russian domination had been crushed by the invasion of Russian and other Warsaw Pact forces on14 November .

可以说新公约是对以华沙公约为主的华沙体制的扬弃。

It is well to say that the new convention is to develop what is useful and discard what is not in the Convention of Warsaw .

它为承运人设置了推定过失的归责原则和承运人责任限额，这两项规则是华沙公约的灵魂所在，也是此后历次修订的核心问题。

The Warsaw Convention set up the supposed fault responsibility and carrier liability limitation , which is soul of the Warsaw Convention and core amended all previous hereafter .

根据《华沙公约》对承运人作出的任何投诉，不论是向订约承运人或是向实际承运人作出的，均具有相同效力。

Any complaint to be made under the Warsaw Convention to the carrier shall have the same effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier .

经修订的《华沙公约》支配并在大多数情况下限制联邦快递对您在运输过程中的损失或延误或损坏应负的责任。

The Warsaw convention , as amended , will then govern and in most cases limit fedex 's liability for loss , delay of , or damage to your shipment .

华沙公约是国际统一实体法的成功范例之一，被世界上多数国家所接受，并且涵盖了国际旅客和货物航空运输领域。

The Warsaw Convention is one of success example of international unity substantive law , which covers fields of world traveler and freight air traffic , accepted by most countries in the world .

国际航空运输从1929年到现在的70多年的时间里，发生了巨大的变化。为此，华沙公约经多次修改、补充，形成了今天的华沙体制。

As great changes have happened to international aviation transportation in the seventy years since 1929 , the Convention of Warsaw come into being as it is now after being modified and supplement many times .

第三是以1929年华沙公约为核心的国际航空私法体系，又称华沙体制，规定了国际民用航空运输的民事制度。

The Warsaw Convention of 1929 is the first code in international air law , which emphasized on the protection of carriers . The Convention perfectly combined different legal systems and has been wildly accepted .

虽然来自前华沙公约的新的北大西洋公约组织成员和美国激烈的，确定拉格鲁吉亚州和乌克兰的先后加入，象德国和法国这些国家是小心与一支钥匙能源供应者的俄国敌对。

While the US and newer Nato members , from the former Warsaw Pact , are keen to draw Georgia and Ukraine closer , others like Germany and France are wary of antagonising Russia , a key energy supplier .

华沙公约是国际航空私法领域的主要国际法文件，在新公约取代华沙公约之后，航空承运人将面临着与以前相比有相当大的差别的国际航空运输私法环境。

The Convention of Warsaw is a main regulation of civil law in the field of international air transport . After the new convention replaces the Convention of Warsaw , aviation will have a very different environment in the international air transport law .

要想正确理解新公约，必须对华沙公约、华沙体制及其现代化的进程的主要问题进行深入的研究，从而对新公约中不同于以往的法律制度有一个全面的、历史的认识。

A current understanding of this convention involves a thorough research of the Convention of Warsaw and some major problems appeared the progress of modernization , so that we can have comprehensive and historical overview of the difference between the new convention and the former rules and regulations .

本文根据航空旅客运输合同的概念和特征，指出航空旅客运输合同由于国内航空运输及国际航空运输的不同，应分别适用《民用航空法》及《华沙公约》等国际条约及规定。

From the conception and characteristics of the air passenger transport contract , this article refers to that according to the deference between inland air passenger transport and international air passenger transport , the air passenger transport contract shall be governed by Civil Air Law and Warsaw Pact respectively .

华沙体制国际航空公约适用范围及责任制度的比较研究

Compare Research on Usage Range and Liability of International Treaties Among Warsaw System

然后，将中国航空运输法与华沙体制国际航空公约就适用范围及责任制度两个问题进行比较研究。华沙体制民航承运人责任制的嬗变及影响

Then comes the compare research on usage range and liability between Chinese aviation law and Warsaw System . Transformation of Legal Liability of Air Transport Carrier in System of the Warsaw and Its Influence