奠基者效应

遗传变异性是遗传保护研究的主要内容，在小种群中，往往由于瓶颈效应、近亲繁殖、奠基者效应和遗传漂变等使得遗传变异性减少。

Genetic variation is major study content in conservation genetics . In small population , genetic variation loss because of bottleneck effect , inbreeding , founder effect , and genetic drift .

从得到的各民族群体的遗传距离来看，三种遗传多态位点得到结果基本上是一致的，相对隔离的怒族和受奠基者效应影响的傈僳族与其余群体都有着较远的遗传距离；

The results showed that the distance between the isolated Nu and the other 7 populations was further than that among the other populations , and that it was the same as Lisu affected by a founder effect .

对于入侵种而言，一方面，奠基者效应导致遗传多样性降低，另一方面，入侵种通过加性遗传效应、上位遗传效应、杂交、基因渐渗等作用又会增加其遗传多样性。

Secondly , on the other hand , genetic diversity of invaders will increase by additive genetic variance , epistatic genetic variance , hybridization and introgression etc. In compassion , for native species , habitat fragmentation , hybridization and introgression will lead to the reduction of its genetic diversity .