神明裁判

神明裁判是中世纪中前期欧洲司法程序的重要组成部分，承担了在诉讼中穷尽其它证据都无法证明案件事实时的证明功能。

The Ordeal is an important part of the judicial proceedings in early Middle Ages ' Europe , assuming the testifying functional in the proceedings when other evidence can not prove the facts of the case .

第十八条教规是中世纪欧洲法律发展、变革的关键节点，其不仅是神明裁判终结之路的起点，也开启了欧洲司法程序的理性之窗。

Canon 18 is the key point of the medieval European legal revolution . It not only starts the ending road of ordeal , but also brings rational to the European judicial proceeding .

英国历史上的“文书审”起源于“神明裁判”，其强调的是司法的形式或程序公正。

In British history , the Trial by Charters originated from the Trial by Ordeals , and its emphasis was the formal or procedural justice .

该部分介绍了刑讯从产生的渊源，从夏商时期盛行的神明裁判到西周的五听制度，刑讯应运而生。

This section describes the torture from the resulting origin , from the Xia and Shang Dynasties popular gods referee to the Western Zhou Dynasty , " five " system , the torture came into being .