分子钟

还从地理隔离、种群扩散、基因交流、区系划分、分子钟估算等方面阐述了系统地理学在鱼类的应用研究现况和应用前景。

The paper also exploits the research and application of phylogeography on fish and its prospects from the aspects of geographical isolation , population dispersal , gene flow , fauna division and molecular clock estimate .

后生动物起源时间的分子钟研究

Molecular clock studies on the divergence time of the early metazoans

分子钟间的信号转导：昼夜节律振荡器对细胞分裂周期的调控

Signal transduction between clocks : regulation of cell division cycles by circadian oscillators

雉科基部类群分子钟的标定

Calibration of basal Phasianidae molecular clock

前寒武纪生物起源时间的化石和分子钟研究

Fossil Records and Molecular Clock Study of the Time of Origin of the Precambrian Biologic Lineages

应用分子钟也是一种手段，但误差比较大。

The application of molecular clocks is another approach , but it carries even greater errors .

鸭科鸟类分子钟标定研究

Calibration of Anatidae Molecular Clocks

因此，端粒缩短被认为是触发细胞衰老的分子钟，可作为衰老的生物标记。

Thus , telomere shortening is considered as biomarkers of cell senescence and it enable the molecular clock to start .

众所周知，物种分化年代的估计对分子钟（进化速率恒定）假定很敏感。

Estimation of species divergence times is well known to be sensitive to violation of the molecular clock assumption ( rate constancy over time ) .

传统的化石记录和新兴的分子钟研究，是可以提供生物谱系起源和分支时间的两种手段。

The traditional fossils records and the new-emerging molecular clock study are two methods by which the time of origin of biologic lineages and divergence in the Precambrian can be estimated .

因此，超氧化物歧化酶作为分子钟或分子标记已被广泛应用于生物进化研究、群体遗传结构分析以及品系鉴定。

As a molecular clock and genetic marker , superoxide dismutase has been widely used in evolutionary studies , population genetics , and identification of different strains in the same species .

因此，在外周血淋巴细胞中很可能存在独立的分子生物钟。

The findings suggest that an independent clock system might exist in the mammalian lymphocytes .

分子进化钟与中性理论是分子进化研究的基础。

' Molecular clock ' and ' Neutral theory ' based the investigation on molecular evolution .

这种分子和原子钟目前正在发展中，预期能有很高的准确度。

Such a molecular or atomic clock is now being developed and promises to be very accurate .

此方案在实时观测分子超快动力学过程的分子钟实验中有非常重要的应用。（5）研究了强激光场中原子的次序双电离过程。

This will has important application in the future experiment of real-time observation of the ultrafast molecular dynamics . ( 5 ) Strong field sequential double ionization is investigated .