第三代头孢菌素

结论ICU的细菌对抗生素耐药性十分严重，必须加强抗生素的耐药监测，同时限制性使用第三代头孢菌素。

Conclusion Bacterial resistance against antibiotics is still a serious clinical problem among ICU patients , therefore , surveillance of antimicrobial resistance should be strengthened , and the use of the third-generation cephalosporins should be restricted .

结果：预防性抗菌药物在用药品种选择上第三代头孢菌素和甲硝唑用量偏大，大多数品种DUI基本合理；

Results : The using rate of the third-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole was high , and DUI of most kinds of prophylactic antibiotics is basically rational .

头孢氨噻肟（Cefotaxime）是新的第三代头孢菌素，抗菌谱广，杀菌力强，对人和动物毒性小。

Cefotaxime , a new and third generation cephalosporin , is high active against a wide range of bacteria and low toxicity on animals and man .

结果所有患者在培养出ESBL阳性大肠杆菌前均使用过第三代头孢菌素，粒细胞缺乏占82%，预后差。

Results Third generation bacteriophage were excessively used in all patients . Granulocyte deficiency account for 82 % and the prognosis is poor .

产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extended-spectrumβ-lactamasesESBLs）是导致肠杆菌科细菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药的最常见机制，ESBLs尤其在肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌最为多见。

The production of extended-spectrum β - lactamases ( ESBLs ) is the most common mechanism of resistance to the third generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria especially Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae .

结论超广谱β-内酰胺酶是革兰阴性杆菌对第三代头孢菌素及单环β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的最重要机制，应高度重视产ESBLs株的检测和药物敏感性试验。

Conclusion ESBLs palys an important role in the mechanism of Gram negative bacterium antibiotics resistance to Cephalosporin 's ( 3rd generation ) and monocycle beta lactam antibiotics . Both the detecting of ESBLs producing strains and the testing of antibiotic susceptibility should be highly emphasized .

TEM-1、TEM-2对青霉素类有较强水解作用，对第一代头孢菌素和第三代头孢菌素头孢哌酮也有一定程度水解，而对第二代头孢菌素头孢呋新及其它第三代头孢菌素均无水解作用；

The penicillins , the first generation cephalosporins and cefoperazone were hydrolyzed by TEM-1 and TEM-2 , but TEM-1 and TEM-2 were unable to hydrolyze the second generation cephalosporins cefuroxime and other of the third generation cephalosporins .

目的：观察第三代头孢菌素的致热作用。

Objective : To observe the fever caused by third-generation cephalosporins .

肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药性

Survey of gram negative entero-bacilli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in brun Centre

革兰阴性杆菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药机制

Antimicrobial resistance mechanism of gram negative bacilli to the third generation cephalosporin

第三代头孢菌素类抗生素临床安全用药分析

Analysis of Clinical Safety Application of The Third Generation Cefazolin

第三代头孢菌素类药物不良反应70例分析

The Third-Generation Cephalosporin : an Analysis of 70 Cases of Adverse Drug Effects

头孢曲松钠为第三代头孢菌素类抗生素，对肠杆菌科细菌有强大活性。

Ceftriaxone sodium is the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic .

新的第三代头孢菌素&头孢氨噻肟

A New arid Third Generation Cephalosporin : Cefotaxime

志贺氏菌对第三代头孢菌素的耐药机制初步研究

The preparatory study on the mechanism of S. flexneri resistance to the third generation cephalosporins

结果：多数革兰阴性菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药率明显增加。

RESULTS : Resistance increased in most G - bacilli to the third generation cephalosporin .

研究结果表明耐药性与抗菌药物使用相关，特别是碳青霉烯类和第三代头孢菌素。

The results suggest an association between resistance and antibiotic use , especially for carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins .

对大部分其它青霉素类抗菌素，第一、二代头孢菌素及部分第三代头孢菌素有较高耐药性。

Higher drug-resistance to the other penicillins , the first and the second and some third generation cephalosporins .

产生诱导型β－内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科细菌对第一至第三代头孢菌素均有较高的耐药性。

The resistance of enterobacteriaceae which induced β lactamase to the first to the third generation of cephalosporins was relatively high .

对人感染猪链球菌病的治疗建议早期使用大剂量青霉素类合并第三代头孢菌素。

It is advisable to use big dosage of penicillin and the third cephalosporin to treat people infecting pig streptococcus disease .

对第三代头孢菌素和环丙沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率均>50.0%；

The resistance of the strains to the third generation cephalosporin , ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was all more than 50.0 % ;

使用注射法和可控组装法制备了第三代头孢菌素类抗生素头孢曲松钠及头孢噻肟钠脂质体。

In this paper , injection and controlled assembling methods are used to prepare liposomes of the third generational cephalosporins-ceftriaxone and cefotaxime .

结论早期新生儿肺炎临床表现更不典型，以革兰氏阴性杆菌感染为主，第三代头孢菌素疗效较好。

Conclusion Clinical manifestation of pneumonia in early newborn is not typical . Most of the patients are infected by gram-negative bacterium .

目的研究烧伤中心广泛应用第三代头孢菌素背景下细菌耐药性。

Objective To investigate bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in the back-ground of extensive employment of third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of burn infection .

肠杆菌科菌对氨苄西林耐药率更高（93%），对第三代头孢菌素耐药率高达53%～67%。

The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to ampicillin reaches 93 % , and to the third generation cephalosporins comes to 53 % ~ 67 % .

主要危险因素是第三代头孢菌素的使用、化疗与肾上腺皮质激素使用、粒细胞缺乏；

Major risk factors were the usage of the third generation cephalosporin , the usage of chemotherapy and adrenal cortical hormone , and agranulocytosis .

对氨基糖苷类、环丙沙星、哌拉西林、第三代头孢菌素耐药率呈明显上升趋势（P<0.05）。

The drug resistance rate of aminoglycosides , ciprofloxacin and piperacillin and the third generation cephalosporins appeared obvious increasing trend ( P < 0.05 ) .

第三代头孢菌素和喹诺酮类抗生素抗菌活性高，氨苄西林的耐药率为21%，而第一代头孢菌素耐药率达45%～49%；

The resistant rate against Hi of ampicillin was 21 % , however , that of the third generation cephalosporins was 45 % ~ 49 % .

头孢地尼和头孢克肟是第三代头孢菌素抗生素，具有抗菌谱广，对β-内酰胺酶稳定等特点。

Cefdinir and Cefixime belong to the third-generation cephalosporins , and they are widely used for their potent antibiotic activity with broad spectrum and resistance to beta-lactamases .

方法：随机将32例新生儿感染性肺炎分为治疗组（万古霉素）和对照组（第三代头孢菌素）。

Method : 32 cases , who were ill with infectious pneumonia , were randomly divided treated group ( vancomycin ) and controlled group ( third generation cephalosporin ) .