prior

More than a decade ago , cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz , both then at Vanderbilt University , found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called " preparation for future learning . "

十多年前,当时在范德比尔特大学工作的认知科学家约翰·布兰斯福德和丹尼尔·施瓦茨发现,年轻人与儿童的区别不在于保留事实或将先前的知识应用于新情况的能力,而在于一种他们称之为"为未来学习做好准备"的品质。

However , prior team knowledge integration literature neglected to study this issue .

但是，先前的文献忽略了这个问题。

This information must not be disclosed without prior written consent .

未事先征得书面许可，此消息不得泄露。

Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice .

学生应有兽医工作的经验。

Although not essential , some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable .

统计学的知识虽非必要，但最好是学过一点。

You can cash cheques here by prior arrangement with the bank .

你事先和银行商妥，就可以在这里兑现支票。

She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement .

因事先有别的安排，她将不能出席。

I had to refuse because of a prior engagement .

我因为已经有预约只好拒绝了。

Visits are by prior arrangement .

参观需要事先安排。

It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting .

在种植前给土壤增肥很重要。

Just phone in your order three or more days prior to departure .

在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。

The firm I wanted to use had prior commitments .

我想选用的这家公司已有约在先。

For the prior year , they reported net income of $ 1.1 million .

他们公布上一年度纯收入为110万美元。

A man seen hanging around the area prior to the shooting could have been involved .

在枪杀案发生之前，有人目睹一位男子在这附近游荡，该男子可能与此案有关。

It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing .

冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。

He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest

他声称自己事先并不知道这次抗议的事。

No show prior to ' On The Town ' had told so much of its story through dance

《锦城春色》出现以前，还没有哪部电影的故事情节如此多地通过舞蹈展开。

The caves can be visited only by prior arrangement

这些洞穴只接受预约参观。

He knew about the interview prior to its publication and had actually previewed the piece

这篇访谈在发表以前他就已经知道了，并且实际上还预先阅览过。

The discussion requires prior knowledge of the subject .

本次讨论要求事先了解该主题的相关知识。

No employee can be recruited without the prior approval of the manager .

事先未征得经理的同意不可以招收任何员工。

Her excuse of a prior engagement was accepted .

她事先另有安排的理由被接受了。

He made the decision without my prior knowledge or consent .

他瞒着我做出了决定。

They all raised the question as if by prior agreement .

他们都不约而同地提出了这个问题。

I took up one-year prior course in German in this college .

我在这所大学读了一年的德语预科。

It happened prior to his arrival .

这事发生在他到达以前。

Virgin Galactic had , prior to this week 's accident , seemed closest to starting regular flights .

在本周的事故发生之前，维珍银河似乎是最有可能开通常规航班的公司。

It is usually good practice to cull the poorest prior to field planting .

通常在实践上的好方法是在出圃栽植前挑出最弱的苗木。

Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper .

垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。

Even prior to the national shutdown , Cadmus said her clients were gravitating to a more relaxed work look .

卡德摩斯指出，甚至在全国封锁之前，她的客户已经开始转向更休闲的工作装。