价格手段

利用非价格手段摆脱价格竞争

Get Rid of The Price Competition By Non-price Measures

本文分析了政府可以采取的四种价格手段所带来的经济后果，提出了不同情况下政府应该采取的价格政策。

The economic results led by four different governmental price manners were analyzed and various policies put forward .

土地的外部经济性导致在市场经济条件下，无法通过价格手段实现资源的最优配置。

Owing to the land external economies , the land cannot be disposed more efficiently by means of price change .

利用虚假的或者使人误解的价格手段，诱骗消费者或者其他经营者与其进行交易的行为；

Resorting to deceitful or misleading means in terms of prices to entice consumers or other business operators into trading ;

三是采用经济手段，特别是价格手段进行的纳税转嫁筹划；

The third is the use of economic instruments , in particular , means the price of the tax plan passed ;

合理化使用转移价格手段可以很好地帮助跨国公司实现其利润最大化目标并长期处于有利的竞争地位。

To use transfer price reasonably can help transnational corporations gain their aim of profit maximization and also find themselves in an advantageous position .

为缓解这些问题，在社会主义市场经济条件下，经济和价格手段是一个十分重要的措施。

In order to alleviate these questions , under the condition of socialist market economy , economy and price means are a very important measure .

本文研究的重点是通过对水资源系统效能的评价，利用市场机制价格手段来提高我国水资源系统的效能，以保证水资源可持续利用目标的实现。

The paper is mainly on the system efficiency of water resource and how to improve it by market price , which can realize the goal of sustainable utilization .

因此，如何充分利用竞争机制和价格手段的激励作用，使市场成员积极参与维护系统安全性，是值得深入研究的问题。

Therefore , it is worth researching that how to make full use of the competition mechanism and price means to stimulate market members participating in the maintenance of system security actively .

我国出口商品的结构大多是以劳动密集型产品为主，参与国际竞争主要是以价格手段为主，非价格竞争手段与国外企业相比显得很少。

The structure of export commodities in China is mainly labor-intensified , and international competition is done mainly by means of price . The non-price devices appear few compared with foreign enterprises .

建立一个以法制机制、财税杠杆、投资信贷、价格手段为主体的四位一体的制度体系是发展循环经济的当务之急。

Establishing an integrated system that consists of four kinds of sub-systems including the legal system mechanism , the lever of finance and taxation , the investment credit and the price method is an urgent matter .

杠杆原理是指在市场经济条件下，根据水资源的商品属性，运用价值和价格手段进行需求调控。

Thirdly , leverage principium means that , the merchandise attribute of water resources is remarkably outstanding in economic market condition ; therefore , many economic means , such as price , finance , revenue , can be utilized to regulate water demand .

如果采取降价的公司生产成本较低，那么价格竞争手段是非常有效的，也是非常可取的。

Price competition is most effective and advisable if the firm doing the price cutting is also the low-cost producer .

“无理由退货”是一种刚刚兴起的厂商的市场创新形式，是一种新的非价格竞争手段。

" Return of goods without reasons " is a newly risen market innovation of manufacturers and a new means of non-price competition .

搭配销售存在有其正当的经济理由，比如是实行合法的价格歧视手段，进行产品质量控制和减少生产成本及交易成本等，其本质上是企业的一种市场营销手段。

There are many economic reasons for tying arrangements such as price discrimination , quality control and reduction of production cost and transaction cost , etc.

第三章是理论模型部分，通过构造经济学理论模型，说明价格歧视手段适用于当前国内的航空市场。

Chapter Three is the theoretical model , which shows that price discrimination fits the current domestic aviation market well by constructing an economic model .

广告作为企业在市场营销中最重要的非价格竞争手段，受到了众多企业家的重视和学者们的关注。

Advertising as the most important means of non-price competition in marketing , has been valued by numerous entrepreneurs and caught a lot of scholars ' attention .

不过现在，只要政府不通过价格管制手段过多地扭曲市场（此举非常危险），那么，价格上涨将会激励农民改善他们的经营方式。

But now , as long as governments do not distort markets too much with price controls a big danger higher prices give farmers incentives to improve the way they work .

市场营销的出发点永远是以顾客为导向，其根本目标在于在适当的时间和地点，以适当的价格和手段，向适当的顾客提供适当的产品或服务。

Focusing on customers is always the principle of marketing , the goal of marketing lies in " utilizing the proper prices and methods to provide proper products and services to right customers in proper times and locations " .

作者根据中石化产品的成本、质量以及营销能力等综合状况，提出以下竞争策略：低成本战略是石化产品的必经之路，加强非价格竞争手段是近期内迅速提升石化产品竞争力的有效措施。

According to conditions of cost , quality and marketing ability of SINOPEC products , the author considers that SINOPEC should adopt low-price strategy constantly , strengthen the non-price competition that will enhance the competitive power in a short time .

因此，企业应从自身做起，采取积极措施应对，实施市场多元化战略，转换国际市场进入方式，重视非价格竞争手段，积极应诉等。

Thus it has brought great damages to the industries So we should do more to fight against anti-dumping , such as multi-market strategy , changing the way to enter the oversea-market , paying more attention to the non-price competition strategy , and so on .

由于市场多重博弈的存在，基于资费的价格竞争手段的重要性和有效性将会有所减弱，同时，业务、品牌、渠道和网络将更有力地影响运营商的竞争。

Game as a result of the existence of multiple market-based charges means the price competitiveness of the importance and effectiveness will be weakened , at the same time , business , brands , channels and networks will be more powerful impact on the competitiveness of operators .

因为出版企业的产品&图书的需求弹性小于1，而收入弹性大于1，因此，出版企业决不会以降低图书价格的手段来参与市场竞争，而宁可涨价以获取可观的经济效益；

For the reason that the flexibility demand for books is less than 1 , but the flexibility income is more than 1 , so the publishing enterprise will not attend the competition by reducing the books ' price but prefer to making up the price to get considerable benefit .

现在4P理论中，在一定程度上，渠道是企业制胜的关键，在产品、价格及促销手段高度同质化的今天，渠道的建设成为企业竞争力提升的关键点。

Now the 4P theory , to a certain extent , the channel is the key to winning business in product , price , promotions , high degree of homogeneity of today , the channel into a business is enough to force the key points .

这种结果减少了企业的选择，只能让剩下的企业在价格上玩手段。

That outcome reduces choice and allows the remaining players to price-gouge .

根据典型的双寡头博弈模型，以价格为竞争手段，建立了高速铁路与民航的双寡头竞争博弈模型。

This thesis establishes a duopoly model of high-speed railways and civil aviation .

它们对于产品、价格和促销手段已经运用到了极至。

Their products , price and promotions of means have been applied to highpoint .

股指期货价格操纵的手段、潜在操纵风险与判别分析

Analysis of Price Manipulations in Stock Index Futures Market : Means , Potential Manipulation Risk and Discrimination

原译：转向股息利息率或资产价格作为定价手段也无益于消除这一问题。

Switching to dividend yields or asset prices as a valuation measure does not eliminate the problem .

金融政策、税收政策、土地政策、价格管制等手段的运用，是各国房地产市场调控的主要方法。

The primary means of control are monetary policy , tax policy , land policy and price control means .