反足细胞

胚和胚乳可能分别起源于卵状反足细胞和次生核未受精的自发分裂。

The embryo and the endosperm maybe respectively originate from the egg-like antipodal cell , and secondary nucleus autonomously divided without pollination .

多胚水稻品系APⅣ反足细胞多样性的观察

Observation on diversity of antipodal cells in polyembryonic rice strain ap ⅳ

反足细胞在胚囊成熟时期宿存。

Three antipodal cells persist at the mature embryo stage .

3个反足细胞随受精过程进行而退化。

The 3 antipodal cells disappeared as the process of double fertilization .

3个反足细胞等大，早期退化。

Three antipodal cells of the same size degenerate at the early period .

德鲁撒型变型胚囊中具有4～11个反足细胞。

There are 4 ~ 11 antipodal cells in embryo sac of Drusa type .

三个核分化成为反足细胞。

Three nuclei differentiate into the antipodal cells .

3个反足细胞退化。

Three antipodal cells degenerated .

精核与两极核是在向反足细胞团移动过程中完成雌雄核融合。

The sperm nucleus moving to egg nucleus runs faster than the one to the polar nuclei .

胚囊成熟后为7细胞8核胚囊，2极核受精前出现融合或否，反足细胞较早退化。

The mature embryo sac has seven cells and eight nuclei . Before fertilization , two polar-nuclei close up and do fuse or not .

成熟胚囊包含卵器（由两个助细胞、一个卵细胞组成），中央细胞及三个反足细胞。

A mature embryo sac is composed of egg apparatuses ( two synergids and one egg cell ), central cells and three antipodal cells .

在胚囊中可以观察到大量的反足细胞，这些反足细胞体积比较大，细胞质浓厚，圆球状。

A large number of relatively large antipodal cells could be observed surround with the embryo sac . Antipodal cells are pellet under the microscope , their cytoplasm are denseness .

成熟胚囊里，反足细胞早期退化，助细胞无钩状结构并具发达的丝状器以及中央细胞内没有明显大液泡是黄花菜胚囊发育的重要特征。

The main characteristics of the development of embryo sac in this species are that synergids without crook are abounded in filiform apparatus and there is no eminent vacuole in central cell .

在紫血稻（（4））中存在着比较多的退化型胚囊（55.0%），反足细胞团的形态结构异常，存在着低频率（2.0%）的胚自发现象。

There were more degenerate embryo sacs ( 55.0 % ), antipodal cells with the abnormal structure , the self - developmental embryo ( 2.0 % ) in Zixuedao ( 4 ) .

宿存助细胞与营养物质的转运有关。珠心、珠被、反足细胞都不含淀粉。宿存助细胞具丰富的淀粉。

The nutrient transportation was associated with the persistent synergid . There is no starch in the nucellus , integuments and the antipodal cells , the persistent synergid contains a large amount of starch .

它们在胚囊内的存在时间比较长，胚体的形成时期，仍旧能够观察到少量反足细胞的存在。（5）巨龙竹果实为颖果，柱头宿存。

They exist in the embryo sac relatively long period , until the formation of embryonic , a small number of antipodal cells could be observed . ( 5 ) Dendrocalamus sinicus ' fruit is grain , stigma preserving .

雌配子体发育的特点是：倒生胚珠、基底胎座、厚珠心、双珠被、孢原细胞直接长大成大孢子母细胞、反足细胞退化早，胚珠发育为蓼型。

The character of macrospore in development were as followed : anatropal ovule , basal placenta , thick nucellar , two integument , megaspore mother cell coming directly from archesporial cell , early degenerating antipodal cell , thedevelopment of the embryo sac being conformed as the polygonum type .