间接控股

国有上市公司主要包括国有企业改制的上市公司和国有资本控股（直接控股和间接控股）的上市公司，在我国上市公司中占有相当大的比重（大约90%以上）。

Over 90 % of listed companies in China are state-owned enterprises and state - owned capital holding companies ( direct and indirect holding ) .

在国有股权控股的企业中，股权一定程度上的集中对公司是有利的，且政府直接控股比间接控股更有利于企业的整体价值。

In holding companies controlled by the states , some concentration of ownership is superior to the firms ' overall value and can be much more enhanced through governments ' direct rather than indirect holding .

中国上市公司绝大部分是国家直接或间接控股，国家终极控股比例不断下降；

Chinese listed companies major part is the country directly or indirectly controlling the interest , the national ultimate controlling stock proportion unceasingly drops extremely ;

公司时刻处于市场之中，公司的控股股东也是公司经营风险的承担者，因此，有效地外部市场环境能够起到间接约束控股股东行为的作用。

The company is in the market at all times . The controlling shareholder of the company is alsa business risk undertakers . Therefore , the effective external market environment can play a role in the indirect constraint controlling shareholder behavior .