外遗传

该文就细胞毒性、基因毒性、外遗传毒性这三条基本途径，对电磁辐射引起生物学效应的可能机制作一概要综述。

This thesis summarized some possible mechanisms on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation , according to cytotoxicity , genotoxicity , epigenetic toxicity .

所有的理论都需要扩充，将外遗传现象这个可能举足轻重、还相当莫测高深的角色包括进来。

And all the theories will need to be expanded to incorporate the role of epigenetic phenomena , which may be pivotal but is still rather mysterious .

线粒体DNA是核外遗传物质，由于其分子结构简单、进化速率快等特点常被用来进行遗传多样性分析和系统发育研究。

( mtDNA ) is extra-nuclear genetic material , it is usually used in genetic diversity analysis and phylogeny study because of its brief molecule structure and rapid evolutionary rate .

增殖细胞核抗原（proliferatingcellnuclearantigen，PCNA，PCNA）是一种生长调控蛋白，在DNA复制、修复、细胞周期调控、基因外遗传（epigeneticinheritance）等事件的协同机制中发挥重要功能。

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) is a growth-regulated protein which coordinates events in DNA replication , DNA repair , cell cycle control and epigenetic inheritance . PCNA gene is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels .

真菌之染色体外遗传及其转移性遗传因子之研究与应用

Research and application on the extrachromosomal genetics and transposable genetic elements in fungi

外遗传分子生物学研究进展

Advances in molecular biological study of epigenetics

目前，遗传学家还未破解外遗传标签与基因组其他组成之间，产生互动的复杂编码。

Geneticists have yet to decipher the complex code by which epigenetic marks interact with the other components of the genome .

甲基化作为基因组外遗传机制的重要组成部分，是联系基因遗传、环境因素和疾病发生的重要纽带。

Methylation is the main part of epigenomics , and constitutes so far missing link between genetics , disease and the environment .

线粒体基因组作为核外遗传物质有许多区别于核基因的特点，所以自发现以来便作为重要的分子标记迅速用于各项生物学研究，特别是系统分类学研究。

As cytoplasmic genetic system , mitochondrial genome ( mitogenome ) has many differences from nuclear genes and has been applied to many kinds of biology researches as an ideal genetic marker since it was discovered .

本研究试图通过RAPD标记和线粒体DNA测序，对存在于核内及核外的遗传物质变异情况进行研究，同时对鹿类动物的系统发育进行分析。

In this study , RAPD marker and mitochondria DNA sequencing techniques were used to study the intra-nuclear and extra-nuclear genetic material variation , and to analyze the phylogeny of the deers .

国家管辖范围外深海遗传资源获取与惠益分享法律问题研究

Research on Access and Benefit-sharing of Genetic Resources in Deep Sea Beyond National Jurisdiction

许多人认为，线粒体可能发挥更大的作用-包含细胞内的细胞核外的遗传物质。

Many believe mitochondria may play a bigger role-genetic material contained within the cell but outside the nucleus .

国家管辖外深海遗传资源的归属与利用&兼析以知识产权为基础的惠益分享制度

The Legal Status and Use of Deep-Sea Genetic Resources beyond National Jurisdiction & The Benefits-sharing Based on Intellectual Property

至今，国内外对遗传算法的算法实现的研究仍然主要是通过软件实现的。

So far , the research on algorithmic implementation of Genetic Algorithms ( GAs ) still focused on software implementation .

因此，作物雄性不育机理与应用的研究，一直是国内外植物遗传育种领域的热点，几十年来受到众多学者的重视。

Therefore , crop research and application of male sterility has been the area of domestic and international hot spots of plant genetic breeding for decades by many scholars attention .

提高主要农作物品种收获物中微量养分含量以解决国际性微量营养缺乏的问题是目前国内外作物遗传育种研究的热点。

The research work of improving the micronutrient content of the main crops , which aims at solving the shortage of international micronutrients , is the hotspot of the crop genetic and breeding research in the domestic and overseas .

报道了诱变结合组织培养在国内外植物遗传育种研究中的应用与进展.从抗病虫育种、抗旱育种、抗盐育种、多倍体育种及基因工程等各个方面作了综述。

This paper reports the applications and progress of the mutation in connection with In vitro culture for Plant Breeding all of the world , it reviews from breeding of disease and insect resistance , drought resistance , salt resistance and polyploid .

从滇杨的资源特点及研究现状出发，在借鉴国内外杨树遗传改良成功经验的基础上，提出常规育种与现代生物技术育种有机结合，形成一个系统高效、合理可行的滇杨遗传改良策略。

According to the resource characters and present researching situation , and based on the successful experience Populus genetic improvement other countries , the normal breeding and the modern biotechnology are suggested to integrate a high efficiency and reasonable genetic improvement strategy of the Populus yunnanensis .

本文收集了国内外X染色体遗传标记在临床疾病诊断及法医DNA工作者实践中的研究和应用资料，汇总报道了X染色体遗传标记的研究进展。

This report summarized the proceeding of research on X chromosome genetic markers in the clinical and forensic context .

背景与目的线粒体DNA是除细胞核外的惟一遗传物质，分成编码区和非编码D-环区。

Background and objective Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is the only hereditary substance besides nucleus , which is composed of a code region and a non-code D-loop region .

结论ARIX基因多态性，尤其是G153A核苷酸突变可能是共同性外斜视的遗传风险因子。

ConclusionThe ARIX gene polymorphisms , especially the nucleotide change of G153A may be one of genetic risk factors for concomitant exotropia .

目的对放射工作人员外周血遗传物质损伤进行调查。

Objective To survey the genetics damage situation of peripheral blood lymphocyte .

对于扬子鳄的保护，除了重建扬子鳄的生境外，其遗传保护也同样重要。

For Chinese alligators conservation , genetic conservation is as important as habitat conservation .

除了遗传因素外，非遗传因素对高油玉米籽粒含油量也有影响。

Besides the genetic factor , the environmental factors also influence grain oil content of high-oil corn .

通过原生质体紫外诱变获得遗传稳定的多杀菌素高产菌株1株，多杀菌素产量较出发菌株提高了近40%。

With UV mutation , one high spinosad-producing strain was achieved , which was 40 % higher than the initial strain . 3 .

该研究的目的是为了在一个正常的女性卵子内避免不良的核外线粒体基因遗传到下一代。

The process aims to avoid passing onto children bad mitochondria genes , which are contained outside the nucleus in a normal female egg .

此外，与其他已报道人群数据进行比较表明，吐尔基山辽墓主人与现代外蒙古人群遗传距离最近，其5个突变位点均为蒙古人的突变热点。

Besides , it showed that Turki had closest relationship with modern out Mongolia contrasted with the reported populations . And the 5 mutation sites of Turki were all hot mutation sites of Mongolian .

作者在综述国内外纸浆材遗传育种现状和我国发展纸浆材基地政策基础上，提出了短周期优质纸浆材育种策略、育种程序、技术路线、研究内容和育种指标。

Based on the inheritance breeding pre-sent status of pulpwood in home and abroad and the state policy of pulpwood base development , the low period high quality pulpwood breeding tendency , breeding procedure , technology line , research content and breeding index were pointed in the paper .

揭示出其特点如下：（1）通城猪几个主要繁殖性状（除初生个体重、初生窝重外）的遗传力均较低（h~2<0.22），与国内一些地方猪种相近。

The computed results show : ( 1 ) estimates of heritability for main reproductive traits , except birth weight per piglet and litter weight at birth , are lower ( h ~ 2 < 0.22 ) and similar to those reported elsewhere about other native local swine breeds ;

背景与目的：观察硒对丝裂霉素C（mitomycin-C，MMC）诱导的人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤是否具有保护作用。

BACKGROUND & AIM : To assess the effects of selenium on MMC-induced DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes .