组织特异性启动子

目的分别构建巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus，CMV）通用启动子和甲胎蛋白（αfetoprotein，AFP）组织特异性启动子调控的PNP基因表达载体并分析二者表达的差异性。

Objective To construct two expression vectors harboring PNP gene under the control of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) promoter and the α - fetoprotein ( AFP ) tissue-specific promoter and detect their expression in different cell lines .

组织特异性启动子又称为器官特异性启动子。

Tissue-specific promoter is also called organ-specific promoter .

这一调节的机制可能是：LIM结构域通过促进蛋白质之间的作用正性调控LIMHD蛋白的功能，使其能够与组织特异性启动子的调控区结合；

LIM domains positively regulate LIM HD activity by promoting protein protein interactions that allow cooperative binding to regulatory regions of tissue specific promoters .

目的：用肝组织特异性启动子，实现人CD81分子在小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6中的稳定表达。

AIM : To express stably human CD81 gene on mouse hepa-toma cell line Hepa 1-6 using liver-specific promoter .

不同的植物启动子使植物基因具有不同的表达特性，按其作用方式大体可以分为3类，即组成型启动子、诱导型启动子和组织特异性启动子。

The characters of the plant gene expression were controlled by gene promoters .

组织特异性启动子可以调控基因在某些特定的器官或组织部位中表达。

Tissue specific promoter can control gene expression in certain organ or tissue .

这是在甜橙中获得组织特异性启动子的首次报道。

This is the first report about obtaining the tissue-specific expression promoter from Citrus sinensis Osbeck .

另外，为实现外源基因在特定的部位或器官中表达，需要大量用到组织特异性启动子或器官特异性启动子。

In addition , achieving exogenous gene expression in certain parts or organs in plant depend on tissue or organ specific promoters .

但是到目前为止，分离和获得利用的组织特异性启动子少之又少，并且伴随着活性低组织特异性并不是很高的缺点。

However , separation and utilization of tissue-specific promoter is very little up to now , and accompanies by low activity and low tissue-specific defects .

该基因有两个组织特异性启动子，上游的为胎盘特异启动子，下游为巨噬细胞特异启动子。

Two tissue-specific promoters locate upstream the second exon . The first promoter is activated in placental cell and the other one is active in macrophage .

主要体现在：1、由组织特异性启动子参与调控，增强基因转染的靶向性，降低非肿瘤组织的副作用；

There are four main points : 1.Using tissue-specific promoters ( TSPs ) to direct transgene expression to target tissues for reducing adverse effects in non-target tissues ;

而采用组织特异性启动子可有效地控制外源基因在特定的组织或器官中表达，减少基因产物对受体生物及环境产生副作用。

The tissue-specific promoters can overcome these problems by controlling the foreign gene to express in specific tissues or organs , therefore , decrease the side effects caused to the recipient plants .

组织特异性启动子的应用，虽然可以控制表达的部位，表达水平也大为提高，但仍不能调控其表达的时间和强度。

Though the expressing site can be fixed on by using tissue-specific promoter , and the expressing level can be improved enormously , the expressing time and level can 't be regulated yet .

组织特异性启动子使基因的表达只限于某些特定的器官或组织，不仅可增加区域表达量，同时可避免植物体内不必要的营养浪费，减少对植物生长的副作用。

Tissue-specific promoters activate the expression of exogenous genes only in the specific organs and tissues , which avoids the unnecessary waste of nutrition in plant and reduces the adverse effects on plant growth .

组织特异性启动子常常具有特异性调控元件，这些元件与反式作用因子的互作使基因只在特定的组织和器官以及特定的生长发育阶段才进行表达。

The promoter of tissue-specific expression usually have the particular regulatory elements , which make gene just carried on the expression in the particular tissue and organs and the particular growth stages by working with trans-acting factor .

目前虽在青光眼基因治疗领域取得较大进展，但在组织特异性启动子、长时基因表达及副作用等方面尚存在着问题和挑战。

Even though great progress has been made in this field , significant challenges and obstacles , including lack of tissue specific promoter , problems in long-term gene expression and side effects , still remain to be resolved .

利用组织特异性启动子指导外源基因定向地在人们预定的时间和空间、组织或器官表达，是实现对目标基因高效表达的重要途径，也是培育高效、安全转基因作物的首选。

Driven by specific promoters , foreign genes are directed to express at special times , in given places of plant or even in desired quantities is regarded as an important way , and the first choice of high efficient and safety transgenic crops cultivation .

目前，利用诱导型和组织特异性启动子，人工构建复合式启动子，来代替天然的组成型启动子，从而避免外源基因在受体植物中非特异性的持续、高效表达已经得到广泛共识。

Efficient plant genetic engineering relies on designing appropriate gene expression system by using inducible and tissue-specific promoter to construct compound promoters to drive gene express at the required moment and in the appropriate tissues , and avoid its undesirably overexpression driving by the constitutive promoters .

基因治疗是目前原发性肝癌的一个研究热点，利用细胞或组织特异性启动子能够使目的基因在特定的靶细胞中表达，从而最大程度地减少对正常组织的毒副作用。

Gene therapy is a hot spot for the primary liver carcinoma , which can express the definite gene in the target cell by the specific initiators of the cell and the tissues , and to decrease the toxin on the normal tissues as more as possible .

植物维管组织特异性定位启动子研究进展

Prospects of the Tissue - Specific Promoter in Plant Vascular

研究表明，在植物维管组织特异性定位表达启动子中，顺式调控元件与反式作用因子协同作用，调控基因的表达。

The gene expression is regulated by the cooperative interaction of cis acting element and trans acting element in the plant vascular .

利用组织特异性分子标志物启动子调控Cre重组酶，研制了6种在不同组织中特异性表达Cre重组酶的转基因小鼠。

We have generated six kinds of Cre transgenic mice in which the Cre recombinase driven by different tissue specific molecular marker promoter is expressed specifically in different tissues .

一些基因只能在特定的组织中表达，就是依赖于组织特异性启动子的功能。

Some genes can only express in a specific tissue , which depends on the tissue specific promoters .

组织特异型启动子可以启动外源基因在受体植物的特定组织器官中高效表达，果实特异性启动子作为重要的组织特异性启动子，可以控制外源基因在转基因植物的果实中特异表达。

Tissue-specific promoter can make foreign gene highly express in specific tissues or organs . Fruit specific promoter is an important tissue-specific promoter , which can control the foreign gene expression in transgenic plants .