头孢他啶

亚胺培南和头孢他啶治疗铜绿假单胞菌败血症诱导TNF的实验研究

Experimental study on TNF induced by imipenem and ceftazidime in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia

目的观察头孢他啶（ceftazidime）治疗医院获得性肺炎（hospitalacquiredpneumonia，HAP）的临床疗效。

Objective : To observe the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime in treating hospital acquired pneumonia ( HAP ) .

结果PA三年来对头孢他啶耐药率分别为26.38%、37.37%和25.39%；

Results Drug-resistance rate of ceftazidime of each year was 26.38 % , 37.37 % and 25.39 % ;

头孢他啶与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用

Interaction of Ceftazidime with Bovine Serum Album

方法：对同期发生院内肺感染的52例ICU患者和37例普通病房患者采用头孢他啶治疗。

METHODS : 52 patients from ICU and37 from general ward who had synchronous pulmonary infection were treated with ceftazidime .

f菌和原始T.头孢他啶对早期和成熟期绿脓假单胞菌生物膜菌作用的差别

F mutated by nitrous acid , the bio-activity of the bacterium T. Different effect of Ceftazidime on the early and mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria

目的探讨奈替米星与头孢他啶联合应用的抗生素后效应（PAE）。

Objective To study the post antibiotic effect ( PAE ) of netilmicin combined with ceftazidime .

头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松对产ESBLs菌株的耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株（P0.01）；

The resistance rate of ceftazidime , cefotaxime , ceftriaxone on ESBLs-producing strains were significantly higher than those on non ESBLs-producing strains ( P 0.01 );

敏感率最高的为多粘菌素B为100%，其他依次减少的头孢哌酮/舒巴坦78.3%，头孢他啶72.8%，亚安培南68.0%，阿米卡星66.9%等。

The sensitivity rate of polymyxin rate was the highest ( 100 % ), the others were Cefoperazone / Sulbactam ( 78.3 % ), Ceftazidime ( 72.8 % ), Imipenem ( 68.0 % ), Amikacin ( 66.9 % ) in turn .

目的用RP-HPLC法测定注射用头孢他啶/舒巴坦钠中头孢他啶和舒巴坦的含量及其有关物质。

Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the content determination of ceftazidime and sulbactam sodium and its related substances in ceftazidime and sulbactam sodium for injection .

时间依赖性抗生素（如头孢他啶）的杀菌效应主要取决于血药浓度高于细菌最低抑菌浓度（MIC）的时间。

The sterilization effect of time dependence antibiotic ( such as ceftazidine ) depends on the time during which the drug blood concentration is higher than bacteriostatic minimal inhibitory concentration .

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定舒巴坦钠和头孢他啶含量，研究注射用舒巴坦钠与头孢他啶配伍的稳定性。

Objective : To establish a HPLC method for determinating the concentration of sulbactam sodium and ceftazidime at the same time . So as to study the compatible stability of sulbactam sodium for injection mixing with ceftazidime for injection .

结果野生型黏质沙雷菌、阴沟杆菌及高诱导型黏质沙雷菌经头孢他啶筛选后未检测出AmpC酶活性。

Results None of AmpC β - lactamase activity was detected in the wild type of Serratia marcescans 、 Cloaca Enterobacter and hyper-inducible type Serratia marcescans .

三代头孢菌素头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松的耐药率相对较低，可用于临床IPD的治疗。

The resistance of third-generation cephalosporin such as ceftazidime , cefotaxim and Ceftriaxone were relatively low , so they could be used to treat IPD .

结论：注射用舒巴坦钠与头孢他啶配伍后6h内稳定，可配伍使用。

Conclusion : The mixed solution of sulbactam sodium for injection and ceftazidime for injection was kept stable for 6h . Thus sulbactam sodium could be mixed with ceftazidime for use .

结论SHV-12型ESBL对头孢他啶和头孢噻肟具有高的亲和力，而对头孢噻吩有最大的催化效能。

Conclusions SHV-12 ESBL has a highest affinity to ceftazidime and cefotaxime expresses a maximal catalytic efficacy to cephalothin .

舒巴坦可以使头孢他啶对大肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌、不动杆菌属、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC90降低4倍；

Cloacae , C. freundii , Acinetobacter spp. , P.aeruginosa 4 folds and reduced the MIC90 of cefotaxime against E.

检出株对头孢他啶、氯霉素和阿米卡星等抗生素敏感，对氨苄西林等青霉素耐药性较高，有15.3%（36/236）对弧菌抑制剂O/129纸片（10μg、150μg）有抗性，涉及11个血清型。

Detected strains were sensitive to ceftazidime , chloramphenicol and amikacin , relatively high resistant to ampicillin etc. 15.3 % ( 36 / 236 ) belonged to 11 serotypes and were resistant to the drug O / 129 ( 10 μ g and 150 μ g ) .

ESBLs产生株对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、奥格门丁及三代头孢菌素高度耐药，除头孢他啶以外，耐药率均在80%以上；

ESBLs-producing strains were much higher resistant to ampicillin , piperacillin , the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and third-generation cephalosporins , except ceftazidime , the resistant rates were more than 80 % ;

头孢他啶中间体7-APCA的合成工艺优化

A Process Optimization for Synthesis of the Intermediate of Ceftazidime 7-APCA

产ESBLs菌对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松的耐药性高达829%～1000%，较不产ESBLs菌高770%～940%。

Pneumoniae was 40.3 % , the resistance rate of ESBLs producing strains to ceftazidime , cefotaxime , ceftriaxone was 77.0 % ~ 94.0 % , a higher than that of non ESBLs producing strains .

头孢他啶对家兔产CTX-M-14型超广谱β内酰胺酶细菌性腹膜炎的治疗作用

Therapeutic effect of ceftazidime in a rabbit model of peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-14 extend ed-spectrum β - lactamase

结果哌拉西林/他唑巴坦与头孢他啶组的有效率分别为93.8%和81.3%，细菌清除率87.8%和75.6%，两组比较差异有显著性（P0.05）；

RESULTS The effective rate , bacteria eradication rate and bacteria sensitivity rate were 93.8 % , 87.8 % and 83.3 % , respectively in piperacillin / tazobactam group , while the counterpart indexes were 81.3 % , 75.6 % and 79.5 % , respectively in ceftazidime group .

两种注射用头孢他啶的血浆峰浓度（Cmax）及达到峰值时间（Tmax）之间差异无显著性。

There were no statistically significant difference in the maximum plasma concentration at the peak concentration ( Cmax ) and the time to reach peak time ( Tmax ) .

结果：对于革兰阴性杆菌，头孢他啶/舒巴坦的体内抗菌作用明显优于单独使用头孢他啶或舒巴坦，其ED50值与单药ED50值相比，具有非常显著差别（P<0.01）。

RESULTS : In vivo activity of ceftazidime / sulbactam was stronger than those of ceftazidime or sulbactam alone with statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) against gram-negative bacilli .

联合固氮菌Enterobactergergoviae57-7泌铵突变株的分离和特性氯唑西林对阴沟杆菌β-内酰胺酶的抑制及其与头孢他啶的协同抗菌作用

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NH ~ ( + _ ( 4 )) EXCRETING MUTANTS OF ENTEROBACTER GERGOVIAE 57 7 Inhibitory effect of cloxacillin on β lactamases from ceftazidime resistant Enterobacter cloacae and its synergistic antibacterial action combined with ceftazidime

对照组静滴头孢他啶1g，bid；实验组应用输液泵持续小剂量静脉输注头孢他啶（开始时加一负荷量1g）。

The routine administration ( 1 g , bid ) of CAI was adopted in the treatment group , while the low dose continuous infusion method ( 1 g · d-1 , and a loading dose 1 g ) was used in the control group .

亚胺培南、头孢他啶和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率为0，除氨苄西林、羧苄西林和头孢唑林外，其他9种抗生素对非ESBL菌株的耐药率<6%。

The resistant rates of imipenem , ceftazidime and cefoperazone / sulbactam to ESBL strains were null percent . Except ampicillin , carbenicillin and cefazolin , other 9 β lactam antibiotics to ESBL negative strains were less than 6 % .

方法：E-test筛选对亚胺培南或头孢他啶耐药的铜绿假单胞菌中的产金属β-内酰胺酶菌株，PCR扩增耐药基因imp、vim、spm和gim。

Methods : Metallo - β - lactamase positive strains were screened from imipenem-resistant or ceftazidime-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by E test strips of imipenem with and without EDTA . PCR was used to amplify the resistant genes of imp 、 vim 、 spm and gim .

以7-ACA为起始原料，经五步反应合成头孢他啶，实验室总收率为39.3%，工业生产总收率39.5%，所得样品的化学结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱得以确证。

The product has of high purity and of good crystallization . The overall yield was 39.3 % , which was synthesized from 7-ACA by five steps . The structure of ceftazidime was characterized by IR , ~ 1H-NMR and MS.