罗马文明

古代希腊罗马文明的东方想像

The Orient in the Ancient Greek and Roman Imagination

希腊文明先于罗马文明。

The Greek civilization precedes the Roman civilization .

罗马文明历史地位的重新评价

Re-evaluation of Historical Status of the Roman Civilization

但它们都源于希腊与罗马文明，以及一神论的基督教。

But they have common antecedents in Greek and Roman civilisation and monotheistic Christianity .

西方古典家具史论（四）罗马文明及其家具（下）

Historicism of Western Classical Furniture (ⅳ) Roman Civilization and Its Furniture ( Part ⅱ)

他统治下的加洛林王朝被认为是罗马文明的重生。

The Carolingian empire was considered a rebirth of the culture of the Roman Empire .

上面我们是站在古希腊罗马文明的摇篮旁边。

In earlier chapters we were standing at the cradle of ancient Greek and Roman civilization .

罗马文明在技术方面十分先进，例如，他们当时已经有了地下中央供暖系统。

Roman civilization was very advanced technologically . They had underfloor central heating , for instance .

在古罗马文明史上，元老院作为重要的权力机构发挥着不可替代的作用。

As the important authority of Rome , the senate played an indispensable role in Roman history .

所以，军队是罗马文明发展进程中最重要的环节之一。

So , the Roman army played an important role in the development of the Roman civilization .

希腊罗马文明为何崩溃？答案是它疲态尽露。

Why the civilisation of Greece and Rome collapsed , the real answer is that it was exhausted .

作为西方文化的一部分，英美文化不可避免地深受古希腊罗马文明的影响。

British and American culture , as a part of Western culture , is inevitably influenced by it .

他是一个私立贵族男校的老师，教古希腊罗马文明史。

He is a teacher taught ancient Greek and Roma history in a private aristocracy school only for boys .

希腊文明、罗马文明、拜占庭文明乃至伊斯兰文明共同刻画了大马士革如今的模样。

The city is marked by several civilizations that had created it : Hellenistic , Roman , Byzantine and Islamic .

因此，遵循祖先之法被视为无异于维持罗马文明的一种方式，甚至几乎拥有法律地位。

Therefore , obedience to the mos maiorum was seen as tantamount to maintaining a proper civilized Rome and was almost given legal standing .

完善于古罗马文明，表现为自然法观念的世俗化以及权利观念的出现与成熟；

Its improvement thanks to ancient roman civilization marked by the secularized idea of natural law and the appearance and maturation of power idea ;

拜占庭仅仅是个影子是因为：尽管它继承了罗马文明这笔遗产，但它也仅止步于此。

It is a mere shadow because despite retaining the civilised ways of the Roman legacy , the Byzantines have done little to further it .

罗马文明中的共和制度、法律制度和基督教文明不仅奠定了西方文明发展的基础，而且也确立了西方文明发展的方向。

Its republic system , law system and Christianity system not only formed the basis for but also determined the direction of west civilization 's development .

发源于古希腊罗马文明的西方文化与发源于黄河流域的东方文化是当今世界两大主流文化，两种文化瑰丽无比而又各具特色。

Western culture which originated from ancient Greek and Rome , and Chinese Culture which originated from Yellow River field are the two chief cultures in the world .

世界各地的人们种植生菜已经有至少5000年了。生菜的历史可以追溯到古埃及，经过希腊和罗马文明之后又到了我们现在。

For at least 5,000 years people around the world have cultivated lettuce leaves , a food with an ancestry that can be traced from the ancient Egyptians through to Greek and Roman civilisations and on to us .

传统中国的文化在某种意义上，可以称为孝的文化，传统中国社会是建基于孝道之上的社会，因而，孝道乃是中华文明区别于古希腊、罗马文明和印度文明的重要文化现象之一。

Traditional Chinese culture is called filial culture in a sense , traditional Chinese society builds on the filial duty , so that the filial duty is of great culture phenomena to differentiate from ancient Greek 、 Roman and ancient Indian culture .

夜明珠之谜在中华文明、印度文明、希腊文明、罗马文明、犹太文明和日本文明中都存在，但迄今为止仍是一个世界性的难题和一个人类文明史上的未解之谜。

The mystery of night-shining jewel exists in a variety of civilizations including Chinese , Indian , Greece , Roman , Rabbinical and Japanese , but is up to now still a conundrum in the history of human civilization on a worldwide basis .

古罗马文明也是古代世界最伟大的文明，在罗马帝国之后，欧洲从来没有像在罗马帝国时代那样广泛而密切地统一过，也没有哪一个国家能再把地中海当作内海。

Ancient Rome civilization was also the greatest in ancient world . After the Roman Empire demised , Europe had never been wide-ranging and close unified like the time of the Roman Empire , nor did any country took the Mediterranean as their inland sea .

西欧古典文明和当时的东方（近东与北非）文明有重要差异，希腊罗马文明的特征为希腊罗马哲学发挥文化创造力提供了较大的自由空间；

There were eminent differences between the contemporary classical civilizations of Western Europe and Oriental ( the near East and Northern Africa ) civilizations , and the characteristics of Greek-Roman civilization provided with bigger space of freedom for bringing creative cultural power of Greek-Roman philosophy into full play ;

当时，希腊和罗马的文明仅成为记忆；

The Greek and Roman civilizations were only a memory ;

古希腊（或古罗马）文明的古埃及和古希腊的治疗术士

the healers of ancient Egypt and classical Greece .

以古代希腊和罗马的文明为特点。

Characteristic of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures .

罗马欧洲文明的摇篮

Rome , the cradle of European civilization

它在希腊和罗马的文明中一直繁衍壮大，直到中世纪初始才在欧洲大规模的销声匿迹。

There and in the Roman civilization it developed until the start of the Middle Ages when it largely vanished from Europe .

罗马是西方文明之母。

Rome was the matrix of Western civilization .