古典时代

第一章是对古典时代和中世纪早期的欧洲意识进行分析。

The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the the idea of Europe of the classical age and the middle ages .

文章考察了古典时代至18世纪西方表述他者的话语体系，分析了产生这种想像的文化和社会原因，由此说明西方是怎样逐步形成与非西方对立，并最终取得对后者的优势地位。

This paper tries to explore the reason forming this situation and explains how the west confronting the non-west and finally getting a superior position over it , through briefly tracing and analyzing the discourse system of the west on the non-west from classical age to 18th century .

到了古典时代，雅典历法已趋于成熟。

At that time , Athenian calendars tended to mature .

通才教育的古代范式&古典时代雅典的教育实践

Ancient Mode for Education of General Talents & Education Practice in Ancient Athens

有几个这样的故事怎么来的，从古典时代。

A few such stories have come down to us from classical times .

他对希腊古典时代的哲学和教育思想产生了深刻影响。

He has the profound influence on the Greek classical time educational thought .

古典时代雅典的宗教

Athenian Religion of the Classical Period

现代奥运会最突出的象征并不是来源于古典时代。

The most prominent symbols of the Olympic Games today did not originate in classical times .

古典时代的诗人笔下所描写的人类部落居住在树丛中，洞穴里和森林中。

The classical poets pictured the tribes of mankind dwelling in grooves , in caves and in forests .

虽然《历史》是古典时代史学达到顶峰的标志，但也必然带有时代的局限性。

Although the Histories is a sign of top achievement of classical historiography , it also has limitations inevitably .

作为希腊文化主流的雅典文化在古典时代的世界史上，散发出夺目的光彩，其文化的成就涉及到哲学、史学、艺术等等。

Greek culture , involving philosophy , history , arts and so on , stands gloriously in the old age .

此时正值从古典时代寻求其秩序、理性和灵感的象征的启蒙运动时期。

This was the Age of Enlightenment which looked to the classical world for its symbols of order , reason and inspiration .

众神和英雄是古典时代雅典宗教中的崇拜对象。名字、称号和地点是确定古典时代神的必备要素；

I WORSHIP * Methods and Objects Worship of fire Gods and heroes were the worship objects of Athenian religion of the Classical Period .

因此，基督教是西欧在古典时代末期和封建时代前期重塑文明的核心力量。

Therefore , Christianity was the strength in the core at the end of Western European classicism and early feudal period to rebuild its civilization .

公元前500年至前337年为希腊的古典时代，这一时期也是希腊普通教育发展的黄金时期，古希腊的高等教育即肇始于这一时期。

From BC 500 to BC 337 is the classical Greek era . This period is also the golden age of Greek general education development .

第四章，主要从外邦人在经济、文化、军事三大方面的活动来阐述外邦人对雅典社会尤其是古典时代的繁荣做出的突出贡献。

In the fourth chapter , I discuss the role and contribution of the metics mainly in the field of economy , intellectual and military service .

亚当·斯密是英国古典时代最杰出的经济学家之一，是公认的古典经济学的奠基者，在人类经济思想史上占有重要的地位，是当代西方主流经济学的重要渊源并对马克思主义经济学产生过重要的影响。

Adam Smith is one of the most famous classical economists , and his thought of economics has made great influence on the follows and current economics .

西方在文艺复兴之后完成了从古典时代向现代社会转变的历史进程，因而现代性成为西方所思考与关注的重要问题。

The western world has turned into modern society from classical era since Renaissance , So modernity is the most important question the western thinkers focus on .

福柯在其著作《古典时代的疯癫史》中，通过解读笛卡儿的一段论述，将理性与疯癫对立起来，认为理性排斥了疯癫。

In The History of Insanity in the Age of Reason , through a reading of Descartes , Foucault established reason and madness as a binary opposition .

二十世纪中国喜剧发生了文化转型性变化，它结束了喜剧古典时代，开始了现代化走向。

The stylistic shift in the 20th century in Chinese modern comedy has not only ended the era of classical comedy , but also ushered in the era of modern comedy .

第二章主要是对丑作为一个审美形态形成发展史的一个梳理，共分为古典时代、前现代与现代三个阶段。

The second chapter is the ugliness history of the development of a comb formed as an aesthetic form , is divided into the classical era , the pre-modern and modern three stages .

与巴赫相对于巴洛克时代的总结与里程碑意义相比，多梅尼科·斯卡拉蒂凝聚在其五百余首古钢琴奏鸣曲中的创作特点则彰显了开拓前古典时代的意义。

Comparing with Bach as the summation and the milestone of the Baroque period , creative characteristics presented by Domenico Scarlatti 's more than 500 harpsichord sonatas have such significance as to have exploited the pre-classical period .

现代国家中，经济的飞速发展使得个人与国家双双陷入欲望的困局，个人只有像古典时代一样借由理性对欲望的控制在自身内化世界中现实节制，才能帮国家找到突破困局的路径。

Individuals the same as the classical era by the rational desire to control reality in the world of their own internalized restraint , in order to help the country to find the path to break this impasse .

本文通过分析雅典公民家庭生活与城邦政治体制的关系，以及古典时代雅典妇女的社会状况，从一个较少引人瞩目的侧面展示出西方古代传统的一大特征。

On the basis of a thorough analysis of the social status of ancient Athenian women and the relation between Athenian family life and its political system , this paper brings to view one of the important features of occidental tradition which hitherto has attracted little attention .

当然，笛卡尔生活在一个非常古典的时代，他那个时代没有机器人。

So , Descartes lived in a fairly sophisticated time , and his time did have robots .

莱辛是德国现实主义文艺的创始人，也是德国古典文学时代的先驱。

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , the founder of German realism , is one of the pioneers of German Classics .

他的有机整体观莎评终结了莎评的新古典主义时代。

Benefited from the view of organic unity , he successfully terminated the neoclassical era in the history of Shakespearean criticism .

梵语古典文学时代从公元纪年开始前后待续到12世纪为止，长达千余年。

It lasted for more than one thousand years , from around the starting of The Christian era to the twelfth century .

比较优势理论发端于古典经济学时代，最初是种完全竞争市场下的静态分析。

Comparative advantage theorem originated in the time of the classical economics with the assumption of perfect competition and a static view .

自五四白话文运动肇始，新的语言媒介白话文体造就了与古典文学时代迥然相异的写作者与接受者，白话文写作者与接受者的审美心理、思维方式都发生了显著的变化。

Since the beginning of the Vermicular Movement during the May 4th Movement , vernacular Chinese , a new language media , has given rise to writers and accepters sharply contrasted with their counterparts in the days of classical literature .