种群灭绝

避免种群灭绝不仅必须生存，而且要繁殖。

To avoid going extinct a population must not only survive , but also reproduce .

在反复经历局域种群灭绝和再侵占的集合种群中，每个局域种群将会拥有一个年龄属性。

In a metapopulation with recurrent local extinction and recolonization , every deme will have a " age " property .

气候变暖致使墨兰（Cymbidiumsinense）野外种群趋向灭绝

Climate warming brings about extinction tendency in wild population of Cymbidium sinense

未来将有5%～20%的动植物种群濒临灭绝，6×104种植物在今后20a里可能灭绝。

Moreover , it is predicated that there are 5 % ~ 20 % species endangered in the near future .

在决定种群是否灭绝上，不育率、灭杀率、选择性收获率等的作用是相同的。

On determining whether rodent pest population becomes extinct , the contraception rate , kill rate , harvest rate etc have same effect .

目前，我国豚鹿的野生种群已经灭绝，全国人工圈养的数量也仅30余只。

So far in China , wild populations of the hog deer have been extinct and the number of captive individuals is around 30 .

生境片段化是全球生物多样性最主要的威胁之一，因为生境面积的减少会导致物种丰富度的快速下降，而隔离度的增加会导致斑块剩留种群的灭绝风险增加。

Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity as reduced habitat area and increased isolation almost invariably lead to rapid declines in local species richness and / or to increased extinction risks of remnant populations .

大鲵曾在我国分布广泛，由于非法捕捉和栖息地丧失等原因，大鲵分布范围和资源已急剧下降，其中一些地方种群已经灭绝，部分种群已面临灭绝的危险。

Chinese giant salamander he animal had ever distributed widely , but its distribution range and population number declined sharply in recent years because of excessive hunting for commercial trade and loss of habitat , parts of its populations have been in a endangered way .

科学家称靠近鲑鱼养殖场附近区域的这些粉红鲑种群正行将灭绝。

The scientists say the populations were dying out in the areas near salmon farms , but other populations stayed healthy .

这次喷发是一次足以影响全球的大事件，但是它没有引起任何广泛分布的生物种群的大规模灭绝。

This eruption was a massive occurrence with environmental impacts that were felt globally , however , it did not produce mass extinction of any widespread group of organisms .

牛蛙（Ranacatesbeiana）的入侵已成为一些本地两栖类种群数量下降或灭绝的主要因素之一。

The invasion of bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana ) has become one of the main factors leading to population decline and extinction of some native amphibians .

具小扩散率种群的生长和灭绝行为

Growth and extinction behavior of a species with small diffusion rate

一个受到开发的扩散种群的持续与灭绝条件

Persistant and Extinction Condition of a Diffusive Population being Exploited

获得了种群持续生存及灭绝的条件。

The conditions which ensure the persistence or extinct of the species are obtained .

和她的姐妹工作得非常彻底，捕光了一些鲸鱼种群，几乎快灭绝掉蓝鲸。

Petrel and her sisters did their work too well , depleting some whale species and nearly exterminating the blue .

一项新研究表明，到2100年，98%的帝企鹅种群可能会濒临灭绝。

A new study suggests that 98 percent of Emperor penguin groups may be pushed close to extinction by the year 2100 .

结果表明：扩散并不影响种群的生存和灭绝，而捕食者的阶段结构对其生存具有负面影响。

The results show that the introduction of diffusion does not affect the permanence and extinctions of species though the introduction of stage structure of predator brings negative effect on it .

此后大量的工作研究常微分方程的周期解、稳定性，这在一定程度上解释了种群的共存、灭绝、持续生存。

From then on plenty of work had been done to research the periodic solution and stability of ordinary differential equation . Those work explained some phenomenon of population , such as coexistence , existence and persistence .

第三章研究了污染环境下具有年龄结构的生物种群持久生存和灭绝的问题，并且得到了拟渐近自治系统持久生存和灭绝的阈值。

In the third chapter a non-autonomous stage-structured model of population growth in a polluted environment is considered and as a matter of fact , we have obtained the threshold of persistence and extinction for the asymptotically autonomous system .

然而因栖息地的丢失和污染，资源破坏严重，有的种群处于濒危或灭绝状态。在考虑近交衰退的影响后，遗传多样性水平降低，灭绝率提高；

Unfortunately , most of the population are declining with several species even to threatened or endangered due to habitat loss and environment pollution . When considering inbreeding depression , the population genetic diversity will be reduced and the extinction probability will be increased .

竞争有限的食物资源，导致其他物种因为缺乏足够食物供给而种群数量减少甚至灭绝；结果表明：（1）景观优势度上升而多样性降低并且有林地景观类型始终占优势地位；

( b ) RIFA have the absolutely dominant competition with other wildlife for the limited food resource ; Results were as follows : ( 1 ) Landscape dominance went up but diversity was reduced and the forest land type was absolutely dominant on two occasions .

在自然环境下，由于存在种群间的各种竞争关系，种群灭绝或持续生存是不可避免的，而探讨物种的持续生存，尤其是使将要濒临灭绝的生物持续生存下来，有着深远的现实意义。

In the natural environment , because it has all kinds of competition between species , the problem of extinction or permanence is inevitable , and discusses the species permanence problems , especially how to make will be endangered species survive down , with profound realistic significance .

两栖类种群数量在全球范围内的下降仍在继续，有些种群甚至走向灭绝。

Amphibians in the context of the global decline continues , some population even moved towards extinction .

因此，道路系统的存在影响了生态系统的种群分布，使生态系统中动物的群居能力下降，甚至导致种群灭绝。

Therefore , the existence of the road system influences the population distribution of ecosystems , and makes the ability living in groups of animals decreased in the ecosystem .

运用Leslie矩阵和Markov链建立了一个具年龄结构的集合种群随时间动态变化的空间分布模型，给出了集合种群持续存在以及灭绝的条件。

The spatial distributed models with age-constructed metapopulation dynamics are established by applying Leslie matrix and Markov chain . The conditions of sustainable existence and extinct of metapopulation are studied .

第二章是研究种群的动力学行为，包括系统解的存在性，有界性和持久性（种群是灭绝还是持久生存）。

Chapter 2 is the population dynamics that including the existence , bounded , stability and permanent ( population goes to extinction or permanent ) .

运用Weitzman方法，计算6个山羊种群（内蒙古绒山羊为参照种群）的遗传多样性指标：（1）.根据10个非遗传参数计算灭绝概率，7个种群的平均灭绝概率为0.290。

The indexes of 6 goat populations in Shandong Province were calculated with Weitzman approach : ( 1 ) . The extinction probability of each population was calculated by 10 non-genetic parameters , the average of extinction probability was 0.290 . ( 2 ) .

种群在其成长的各个阶段会表现出不同的特征，这些都在不同程度上影响着生物种群的持续和灭绝。

Species exhibit different characteristic during different growing stage , and the permanence and extinction of species were influenced to differential extent .