奴婢

试析北周武帝释放奴婢的原因

The Cause of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty Releasing Slaves

唐朝岭南地区的奴婢问题与社会变迁

The slaves and bondmaids problem of lingnan district in T'ang Dynasty and society evolution

民事客体由物、人（奴婢）和行为三类组成。

Civil objects was consist of substance , person ( slaves ) and acts .

对奴婢来说能看到皇上就已经是大幸了。

I think I am lucky just to get to see him in person .

蒋介石对待他的政府官员就像一位贵夫人对待自己家里的奴婢一样。

Chiang handled his government officials as a titled lady handles her household servants .

对不起，我脸上有写我是卡尔的奴婢吗？

Excuse me ! Am I wearing a sign that says ," karl 's slave "?

在中国漫长的封建社会，奴婢自始至终是一个不可或缺的特殊阶层。

In long feudal society of China , slaves are the indispensable special class throughout the history .

文学奴婢意识观念的干涉对他的作品的定论也是相当固定而单一的。

Meanwhile , the verdict for his works , influenced by the Slavery Consciousness , is rather fixed and unitary .

贾府的家奴制度，既与西方的奴隶制度迥然不同，也与中国传统的奴婢制度有着显著的区别。

The house slave system of the Jias is same as neither western slave system nor Chinese tradition servants system .

她是个金发碧眼的十六岁少女，也是伊利里欧最宠爱的奴婢，工作时总是喋喋不休。

She was Illyrio 's favorite , a fair-haired , blue-eyed wench of sixteen who chattered constantly as she worked .

《二年律令》有关奴婢的法律思想初探

The legal ideology about slave and slave girl in The Laws and Decrees of the Second Year of the Han Dynasty

在那里你必卖己身与仇敌作奴婢，却无人买。

There you will offer yourselves for sale to your enemies as male and female slaves , but no one will buy you .

再论中国古代契约与国家法的关系&以唐代田宅、奴婢卖买契约为中心

Re-Discussing the Relationship between Contracts and State Law in Ancient China : Centering on the Contracts Handling Lands , Houses and Servants in the Tang Dynasty

通过这个家族他控制着七百个佃农、三十个奴婢、二百个雇农和七个奶妈，这些奶妈用自己的奶汁喂养他的众多子孙。

Through this family , he controlled seven hundred tenant farmers , thirty slave girls , two hundred squatters and seven wet nurses who breast-fed his numerous brood .

漆德克雅王与当时在耶路撒冷的全体人民订约，要对奴婢宣布自由以后，有上主的话传给耶肋米亚。

The word that came to Jeremias from the Lord , after that king Sedecias had made a covenant with all the people in Jerusalem making a proclamation .

由于奴婢的户籍问题事关奴婢是否是完整的权利主体，是否具有完全的刑事责任能力，因此，户籍问题与法律地位联系紧密。

Because this question is related to the truth whether slaves had total rights and capacity of criminal responsibility , it is connected tightly with slaves ' legal status .

首先我们讨论了学术界尚存争议的奴婢户籍问题。

First of all , we discuss about whether slaves in Chin and Han dynasties had been enrolled in the Household Register , it has been debated by scholars .

奴婢的法律地位状况，在很大程度上与秦汉时期的经济情况、政治制度、思想体系、社会文化等方面的影响密切相关。

In my opinion , the economic conditions , the political system , ideology and social culture in Chin and Han dynasties were all affected the legal status of slaves .

宋代将雇佣奴婢纳入家族同居范畴，处于主仆名分影响之下，经历了一个逐步酝酿调试的过程。

Bring hired servants into the category of familial cohabitation and affected by the status of masters and servants , the Song Dynasty experienced a process of gestation and debugging .

谋职教育中隐含的产业化的教育发展观、功利主义的教育价值观、职业主义的教育目的观、人力主义的教育设计观使教育沦落为经济的奴婢。

Vocational education makes itself the bondman of economy , in which all the educational ideas of industrial development , utilitarian value , vocational motive and manpower design are implied .

相比之下，对奴婢在家庭关系之外所犯奸罪惩罚较轻，这在一定程度上反映出秦汉时期较为开放的社会风俗。

In comparison , less severe punishments are meted out for the same crimes committed outside the family relationship , which reflected relatively open social mores in Qin and Han societies .

光武帝6次颁布释放奴婢的诏令，对稳定社会秩序，恢复发展社会经济，都起了巨大的作用。

Therefore the counterattack was calmed down . Later , he issues six prescripts to release bondservants , which helped to stabilize the social order , restore and develop economy effectively .

寺院经济中的奴婢制度使得“尼”和“婢”的关系十分密切，“尼”和“婢”可以互相转变身份，出现二者名异而实同的现象。

The slave-and-maid system in the monastery economy made the relationship between nuns and slave girls very close ; their identities were interchangeable , but actually they were the same in essence .

主仆名分与宋代奴婢的法律地位&唐宋变革时期阶级结构研究之一

The Status of Masters and Servants and the Legal Position of Male and Female Servants in the Song Dynasty : A Study of Changing Class Structure during the Tang and Song Dynasties

从实践性的知识观上说，知识不是所谓的科学认识论的奴婢，也不是征服世界与改造世界的力量，更不是使求知者自身异化的力量。

Based on practicability , knowledge is not a maidservant of so-called scientific epistemology , nor is a power to conquer and reform world , even nor is a power making knowledge-seeker alienated .

首先，封建等级制为它提供了生存的土壤，上层阶层压迫剥削的本性为奴婢的大量出现提供了根本的前提。

First of all , the feudal system provides the soil of its survival . The nature of oppression of upper class provided the fundamental premise exploitation for the appearance of large numbers of slaves .

包括突厥奴婢在内的胡奴婢广泛存在于唐代西州社会，而且有相当数量。战功赏赐与奴隶买卖是胡奴婢进入西州家庭的重要渠道。

There were great numbers of Hun maids , including Turk maids , in the society of the western states , who entered into families in western states mainly by reward for military credits and slave trade .

在生产性消费方面，以维护小农生产为目标，唐政府对土地的自由流转、奴婢和牲畜的自由买卖以及民间牲屠行为进行了严格限制和管理。

In producing consumption , in order to safeguard the agricultural production , the government had strict restrictions and management on the free trade of land , the free circulation of slaves and livestock and the killing of livestock .

第六，虽然北宋至南宋奴婢法律地位有所下降，但从整体上看宋代奴婢的法律地位远高于唐代奴婢。

Sixth , the legal position of servants descended from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty , but on the whole the legal position of servants in the Song Dynasty was much higher than that of servants in the Tang Dynasty .

王莽在全国范围内推行“托古改制”的新政：他下令天下农田改称“王田”，奴婢改称“私属”，禁止买卖；

Wang Mang pushed forward new policies and carried a series of reforms , hoping to retrieve the glory of Han by adopting policies described in the Confucian classics . He decreed that farmland be renamed as " royal land " " ， slaves " private belongings "