官私

浅谈我国古代官私书目中的道教典籍

On Taoism Books in Chinese Ancient Official and Private Bibliographies

本文对古代官私书目中较为常见的史部类目，考析其渊源，辨正其流变。

The article will analyse the origins and changes of history part kind item which is usually found in old official and private booklist .

通过对古代官私书目的考察，可以更好地了解道教典籍的发展演变和流传情况。

By the investigation on the Chinese ancient official and private bibliographies , we can get a better comprehension of the development and circulation of Taoism books .

本文从官、私两个方面介绍了这一时期西北的经济开发思想。

This article introduces the economic developing thought of the northwest thinkers in this period from both governmental and private aspects .

古代官学与私学中的武术传播

Wushu Propagation Both in Ancient Governmental and Private Schools

它始于唐代，以介乎官学与私学之间的教育机制存在。

It started in Tang dynasty , as an education mechanism existing between official and private college .

由于这种伦理化和政治化特征，中国传统大学不管是官学还是私学都包含在社会的一体化结构之中，未能成为一个独立的组织机构。

Due to the ethnical and political features , traditional Chinese universities , either official schools or old-style private school , were contained in the structure of integration , not an independent organization .

文化层面上，我国学位制度是中西文化碰撞的产物，并受到官学与私学二元结构的制约。

From a cultural perspective , the Chinese degree system is a product of Chinese and Western cultural conflict , constrained by the dualistic-structure of the public and private education in traditional Chinese culture .

家谱在几千年的发展中经历了从官修到私修、从王室贵族下降到平民百姓的几乎家家有谱的历史过程，家谱见证了时代的发展和历史的变迁。

In the thousands of years of development experiences , from public to private , from the royal down to the common people in every family , genealogy witness the development and change of the times .

作为中国教育史上一种与官学、私学平行交叉发展的一种教育制度，书院的兴衰成废对当今的教育改革有哪些借鉴作用呢？

And what implications can we get for our present educational reforms from the development of this kind of educational system as it is of the same level with some public and private schools in ancient China ?

本文从中国古代工匠美术教育、文人画美术教育、宫廷画院美术教育、官学与私学美术教育四个方面概述了中国传统美术教育的发生发展过程及其内容方式。

This text described the emergence and development procedure and the content methods of Chinese conventional artistic education from Chinese ancient craftsman 's artistic education , education of painting of man-of-letters and official academy as well as private academy .

书院是我国古代儒家士人聚集、讲学、藏书、习艺、游息之所，是有别于官学和私学的新型教育体系。

The classical academy is the place for ancient Confucian scholars to gather , give lectures , collect books , improve skills and recreate , which is a new type of academic place different from official school and private school .

书院是中国古代特有的一种教育机构，在长期的发展中，综合和改造了官学和私学的一些成分，形成了自己的独特特质。

The academy of classical learning is the ancient times proper one kind of education organization of Chinese , in long range development , have synthesized and reformed a little component that study of government official and private interests learn , the particularity having formed self uniqueness .

书院是在吸收和改造官学与私学的基础上产生的新兴教育机构，书院的教育思想非常独特，它在办学层次、课程设置等方面对官学有所借鉴。

It is a new and educational organization derived from borrowing and transferring both official and private schoolings . The educational guideline of the Academy of Classical Learning is very special . It took some reference from official schooling in its school levels , course curriculum and enrolment .

孙吴时期，由于官学衰微，私学承担着主要的教育使命。

In Sun Wu time , because the official study is on the decline , private schools mainly undertook the mission of education .

通过对官学教育和私学教育的分别论述，比较其不同点，分析并得出教育的发展轨迹。

Through the study of official education and private school education , compare their difference , to analyze and come to the development of education .

从官修书目、私修书目两大传统书目类型入手，详细分解后逐一介绍了宋代各种书目的编纂情况。第三章：论述宋代目录著录方法的集成开新。

Besides the two traditional types of bibliography , the official bibliography and the private bibliography , the author also introduces and analyzes the compilation of other different kinds of bibliography in Song Dynasty . Chapter ⅲ discusses the integration and innovation of descriptive methods of bibliography in Song Dynasty .

西夏法律严格保护官牧业，并且制定了详细的法律条文保护官私畜物以及牧场、水源等，对于违律者进行严厉惩处。

The Tangut law provides stringent protection for government-run husbandry ; it also provides detailed measures for the protection of both government-owned and privately-owned livestock as well as pasture and water source used for husbandry . Any breach of the livestock law is severely punished .