贸易品

模型假设马歇尔-勒纳条件的前提成立，汇率变动有效传导到贸易品的价格上。

Model assumes the assumption of the Marshall-Lerner Condition is established , and the exchange rate movements effectively transmitted to the prices of tradable goods .

中国可贸易品产量的提高，造成了其它发展中地区贸易品产量的下降，令这些国家蒙受了增长损失。

Higher tradable goods production in China results in lower traded goods production elsewhere in the developing world , entailing a growth cost for these countries .

咖啡也是继石油之后的全球第二大贸易品。

Coffee is also the second largest trade goods following the petroleum .

当然，例外情况是，女性本身就是贸易品。

Unless , of course , the women themselves were the objects being traded .

贸易品和资金大量跨境流动，电子邮件和大学生也一样。

Traded goods and capital move across global borders . So do e-mails and university students .

汇率应该得到调整，使得生产贸易品的工人能够按他们自己的生产力领工资。

Exchange rates should adjust so that workers making traded goods are paid according to their productivity .

本文第二章对1992年至今中美贸易品的详细结构进行总结和梳理。

The second chapter is to summarize the detailed structure of trade goods of Sino-US trade since 1992 .

大幅度降低实际汇率就需要美元大幅度贬值，以及提高贸易品在国内的价格。

Such a depreciation would require a big fall in the dollar and rise in domestic prices of tradeables .

鉴于非贸易品生产部门通胀相对较高，这些国家的实际利率也相对较低。

With inflation in sectors producing non-tradeables relatively high , real interest rates were also relatively low in these countries .

通胀和升值，无非是让不可贸易品和可贸易品之间相对价格产生所需变化的两种方式，可以交替使用。

Inflation and appreciation are simply alternative ways of generating a needed change in relative prices of non-tradeables and tradeables .

被人为压低的德国汇率导致以劳动力为代表的生产资源从不可贸易品向可贸易品生产领域转移。

The depressed German exchange rate has shifted productive resources , labour in particular , from the non-traded to the tradable sector .

相反，其它商品和服务的价格涨幅较小，将抵消贸易品价格的相对上涨。

Instead , relative increases in the prices of tradable goods would be offset by lower inflation in other goods and services .

主要原因是作为政策手段的人民币汇率一直被低估，名义汇率低于贸易品购买力平价。

The main reason lies in the underestimation of RMB , and the nominal rate was below the PPP in tradable goods .

自90年代中期开始，在中国的出口产品中，机电产品开始超越纺织、鞋帽等传统贸易品成为带动出口增长的引擎。

After mid-90s , mechanical and electrical products exceeded traditional merchandise like texture and footwear to become an engine promoting increase of exports .

开放部门能够通过可贸易品的价格调整来减缓汇率波动，所以较大的开放程度有利于抑制实际有效汇率的波动。

High degree of economic opening will decrease volatility of real effective exchange rate because price of tradable products can be well adjusted .

实际汇率升值也会有助于改善服务（非贸易品）相对于工业品（贸易品）的贸易条件。

A stronger real exchange rate would also help improving the terms of trade for services ( non tradables ) compared to manufacturing ( tradables ) .

这是因为，个人服务（如理发）、医疗服务、零售和其它许多国内经济活动，并不属于国际贸易品。

This is because there is no international trade in items like personal services ( eg haircuts ), medical services , retailing and many other internal activities .

在对引入贸易品和非贸易品资本生产率的扩展模型进行理论推导的基础上对人民币实际汇率进行实证研究，用以论证巴拉萨&萨缪尔森效应扩展模型在中国是否成立。

The paper also makes an empirical study on RMB real exchange rate based on theoretical analysis of extended mode which introducing capital productivity of tradable goods and non-tradable goods .

最后得出的结论是农业、工业、服务业各行业之间存在很强的替代性，工业制成品中贸易品与非贸易品有很强的替代关系。

Finally , the conclusion is there have strong substitution between agriculture , industry and service departments , tradable products and non-tradable products have strong substitute relationship in Industrial products .

由于中国是当今世界工业贸易品生产大国，考虑到石油焦做燃料价格低廉，所以中国进口石油焦量逐年增长。

Every year , the amount of petcoke exported to China grows , because it 's an incredibly cheap fuel and China is dealing with the industrial demands of much of the modern world .

汇率是平衡国际收支的重要变量，其变化既直接影响贸易品价格，又间接影响双边贸易总额及净头寸。

Exchange rate as an important variable of adjusting trade flow , its change not only directly affects the prices of tradable goods , but also indirectly affects total bilateral volume of trade and net position .

研究发现降低进口品关税使人民币面临贬值压力，而政府增加税收，减少对贸易品的消费则有利于人民币的保值和升值。

The results suggest that a decrease of tariff will create a real depreciation of the exchange rate , while a tax increase and a reduction in government spending on traded goods will cause a real appreciation .

2002年，可贸易品购买力平价为7.52元/美元。1991至1993年的实践证明，钉住一篮子货币可以更好地稳定国际竞争力。

To assess the international competitiveness , PPP over tradable goods should be used , which reached at 7.52 in 2002 . Moreover , the practice from 1991 to 1993 indicated that peg to a basket can stabilize international competitiveness better .

即便更高技能的工作任务成为贸易候选品，这些正面效应仍可能会存在。

These salutary effects would probably remain even as higher-skilled tasks become candidates for trade .

高丽人在生存和产业模式上不得不抄袭他的主人日本，靠贸易输出工业品致富。

Korea has no choice but to imitate his master Japan in industry and life style , manufacturing industrial goods and exporting them for huge profit .

国际贸易（技术品进口）、外国直接投资、技术购买以及各种非市场方式是发挥技术后发优势的主要渠道。

International trade ( technology goods imports ), foreign direct investment , technology purchase , as well as non-market approach are main channels to realize technological backwardness advantage .

但其他人则意识到，通过增加贸易和降低消费品价格，亚洲对全球的福祉做出了贡献。

But others recognise the contribution that Asia makes to global wellbeing through increased trade and lower prices for consumer goods .

与此同时对贸易领域中贸易品碳排放问题的关注也日渐深入，贸易品碳排放将为重新审视贸易竞争优势提供了一个新的角度。

The carbon emission of trade goods are increasingly concerned , which provides a new perspective to review the competitive advantage of trade goods .

中印在出口贸易结构、贸易品的技术层次方面存在差异，两国之间并不构成完全的贸易竞争，而是存在明显上升的互补性趋势。

There exist differences on export trade structures and technology level between China and India . So there is not complete trade competition and but a relatively strong complementarity .

污染品贸易取决于污染品生产要素的比较优势，而比较优势由环境规制、资本和劳动力共同决定。

Therefore , the trade of pollution products is determined by the comparative advantage of production factors , which is jointly determined by environmental regulation , capital and labor force .