诉讼成本

另外，还由于WTO体制的不完善使反倾销措施滥用现象突出。例如，诉讼成本过高、专家小组审理案件的封闭性、协议具有过大的操纵性等等。

In addition , because of the imperfections in WTO system , the abuse of anti-dumping measures is very obvious , such as the high litigation costs , the closure in expert panel hearing , the excessive handling in the agreement and so on .

历史性的问题是产生更大的诉讼成本和诉讼拖延，

This historic obstruction is leading to greater litigation costs and delays

虽然法院和律师经常不愿披露诉讼成本，Frye听证会也是非常昂贵的。

While courts and attorneys are often reluctant to reveal the costs of proceedings , Frye hearings are expensive .

AP苹果周二出示了一份谷歌律师麦考恩（JamesMaccoun）的证词。麦考恩证实了一批谷歌与三星的往来电子邮件。这些邮件显示，谷歌愿意承担三星的部分诉讼成本，如果三星败诉，谷歌还同意承担部分赔偿。

Apple on Tuesday introduced a deposition by Google lawyer James Maccoun , who verified emails that the search giant had offered to cover some of Samsung 's legal costs and agreed to foot some of the damages if the Korean electronics giant lost .

其在国外称为ADR（AlternativeDisputeResolution），对于降低当事人的诉讼成本、减少当事人之间的对抗、节约国家司法资源以及缓解诉讼迟延具有重要意义。

In foreign countries , as ADR ( Alternative Dispute Resolution ), it is of great significance to reduce the costs of legal proceedings of the parties , to reduce confrontation between the parties , to save the national judicial resources and alleviate the delay in the proceedings .

第一部分：诉讼成本转嫁机制的理论框架。

First part illustrates the theoretical framework of litigation cost shift system .

在刑事诉讼成本整体投入不变的情况下，优化资源在各主体之间的配置。

Optimize resources disposition in main body , with whole unchanged input .

首先指出我国刑事简易程序在节约诉讼成本方面的作用；

First , points out the function of thrift in suit cost .

减少诉讼成本，提高诉讼效率；

To help reduce investment in litigation and thus improve efficiency in action ;

有利于节约诉讼成本，提高诉讼效率。

Saving the costs of litigation and improving the efficiency of the proceedings .

严格责任有利于降低诉讼成本。

Strict liability is conducive to reducing litigation costs .

当事人诉讼成本与程序设计

Designs for Parties ' Action Cost and Procedure

由此可见，诉讼成本问题已成为当前社会关注的一个焦点。

It is easy to conclude that litigation cost has become a social focus .

诉讼成本的转移分为第一次转移和第二次转移。

The cost-transferring of legal proceedings is divided into the first shift and second shift .

夏皮罗称，和解比诉讼成本更低。

Settlements are less costly than litigation .

全球高管称，诉讼成本是促使不选择在美国上市的主要因素。

Global executives cite litigation costs as the primary factor pushing them away from US markets .

诉讼成本包括直接成本、犯错成本、管理成本、伦理成本和机会成本等。

It includes direct cost , penalty , managerial cost , ethic cost and cost of chance .

因此，如何充分发挥诉讼成本的杠杆作用，在保护诉讼权和抑制滥诉之间寻得平衡，是民事诉讼制度研究的重要课题。

So the cost of litigation is the important subject in the study system of civil action .

但是，有多少人愿意并能够承担这类诉讼成本呢？

However , the number of people willing and able to bear the cost of such litigation ?

维护程序安定和司法权威性，减少诉讼成本。

Maintaining the procedure stability and protect the authority of justice , reducing the costs of the lawsuit .

有利于节约诉讼成本，实现司法公正与效率。

Fourthly , they are conducive to saving lawsuit cost so as to realize judicial justice and efficiency .

另一方面，它又是缩减诉讼成本、优化资源配置的重要途径。

On the other , it is also an important approach in reducing lawsuit cost and optimizing resources configuration .

通过对诉讼成本效益的分析，使诉讼成本效益达到最佳整合。

To make the cost and benefit of lawsuit achieve the best conformity by analyzing cost and benefit of lawsuit .

影响和解的因素有很多，但主要是当事人的诉讼成本和所掌握的信息。

There are many factors affect reconciliation , but the main parties to the litigation costs and the available information .

如此，便会拖延时间过长，增加诉讼成本，导致诉累。

So , the process of litigation will delay too long with the cost increased , which cause people tired .

复印件移送制度提高了诉讼成本，违背诉讼效益原则。

In addition , photocopy transfer system increases the cost for judicial proceedings and violates the principle of lawsuit efficiency .

另一方面，它能节约诉讼成本与司法资源，有利于案件执行。

On the other hand , it can save litigation costs and judicial resources , and be helpful for cases execution .

通过减少诉讼成本和优化诉讼资源配置两种效率机制，庭前会议能够实现程序性事项和部分实体性问题的集中前置解决和整理。

By reducing the costs and optimizing the allocation of the re-sources , pretrial conference can pre-settle the procedural and substantive issues .

接着简要介绍本文研究所依据的经济学分析的理论工具，对民事诉讼成本的相关概念作出分析。

Then it introduce briefly that this thesis is based on economics , and it analyzes the relative concept of civil procedure cost .

对外国民事诉讼成本相关的介绍，对比研究我国的优缺点，以及值得借鉴的地方，综合现有体制下我国民事诉讼成本考量，对下文提出完善的意见和建议做好铺垫。

It also introduces the relative civil procedure cost , researches the advantages and disadvantages of our national system and points worth borrowing contrastively .